The Exoneration Of Randall Dale Adams - 2222 Words

The Exoneration of Randall Dale Adams On November 27th, 1976 Mr. Adams’ car ran out of fuel and he was forced to walk to the nearest gas station (Radelet, 2011). Shortly after this Mr. Adams was given a ride by local teenager David Ray Harris who was driving a stolen vehicle. The two then spent the day together, even going to see a drive in movie. That night Mr. Adams returned to a motel where he was staying. Mr. Harris, now alone, was stopped by Officer Wood and his Partner Teresa Turko shortly after midnight. Officer Wood was shot and killed by Harris, who sped off too quickly for Officer Turko to get a plate number or a good look at the shooter. Directly after this Mr. Harris drove home and for the next few days, bragged to his friends†¦show more content†¦Adams did not. (Radelet, 2011). After Adams took the stand and pleaded once again his ignorance of the crime, the prosecution presented a signed document that they claimed was Adams confession; but in reality stated that at some point during the day, Adams had been near the scene of the crime. They then sent to the stand surprise witnesses that the defense was not informed of. The defense intended to cross examine the witnesses but the prosecutions said that they were out of town and would be unable to return. Not surprisingly the jury returned a verdict of guilty; now the prosecution would turn its attention to Mr. Adams sentence (Martin, 2011). Seeking the death penalty the prosecution called on two expert witnesses: psychiatrist Dr. James Grigson, whom was known as Dr. Death, and Dr. John Holbrook, who was the former chief of psychiatry for the Texas Department of Corrections (Radelet, 2011). The American Psychiatric Association has stated on multiple occasions that it is impossible to predict future criminal acts of offenders (Radelet, 2011). However, Grigson and Holbrook testified that if Adams were to be released, he would most certainly be a great danger to society. Grigson had testified before this in hundreds of simil ar cases that ended with a death penalty, hence why he is known as Dr. Death. For the death

Essay on Creon As The Tragic Hero Of Antigone by Sophocles

Creon As The Tragic Hero Of Antigone by Sophocles Greek tragedy would not be complete with out a tragic hero. Sophocles wrote Antigone with a specific character in mind for this part. Based on Aristotle’s definition, Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. Creon fits Aristotle’s tragic hero traits as a significant person who is faced with difficult decisions. Creon is significant because he is king. This makes him both renowned and prosperous. Creon is not completely good nor completely bad; he is somewhere in-between, as humans are. The audience can relate to this and they admire his qualities of intelligence in political affairs. They can also relate to his ability to make hard decisions with apparent ease. These hard decisions are†¦show more content†¦Creon doesn’t want to show weakness, even for family, but he doesn’t want to kill Antigone, who is not only his niece and sister, but engaged to his son. The final decision that Creon must make is whether or not to revoke his death sentence on Antigone. Creon would be doing the right thing, but it would show that he was wrong in a previous decision and he does not want to admit that he was wrong. Unfortunately, Creon does not always make the correct decision because of personality traits that he possesses. When Creon sentences Antigone to death, he is wrong. This decision is based on Creon’s downfalls. He has hamartia and he judges wrong, and he also suffers from hubris. He is excessively prideful and believes that his choice is the only correct one. Creon also has an inaccurate view of his place in relation to the Gods. He believes he is in a position to know what They want and know what They feel is best. No mortal truly knows what the Gods want, but Creon believes he does because he cannot imagine that what he believes is wrong, even to the Gods. Antigone’s death is a bad decision that Creon makes based on his beliefs that the Gods view Polyneices as a traitor and would not want him honored in death. Creon’s bad decision leads to his eventual downfall and demise. Creon realizes his hubris and his wrong decision a little too late. Antigone is already dead, and he cannot correct his wrong-doing. This makes the audience feel pity for him, for heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone1326 Words   |  6 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero in Antigone     Ã‚   This essay will compare two of the characters in â€Å"Antigone†, Antigone and Creon, in an effort to determine the identity of the tragic hero in this tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To identify the tragic hero in Sophocles’ renowned play â€Å"Antigone†, we should first consider both the elements present in Greek tragedies and what characteristics define a tragic hero. Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is: â€Å"Tragedy is a story taking the hero from happiness to miseryRead More Creon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay593 Words   |  3 PagesCreon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone There has always been a bit of confusion as to the tragic hero of the Greek Drama Antigone. Many assume that simply because the play is named for Antigone, that she is the tragic hero. However, evidence supports that Creon, and not Antigone, is the tragic hero of the play. Examining the factors that create a Greek Tragedy, and a tragic character, it is clear that the tragic hero is in fact Creon. First, take into account the timeframe in whichRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone997 Words   |  4 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone?   This question has been the subject of a great debate for numerous years.   Equal arguments exist that portray Antigone as the tragic heroine in the play and Creon as the tragic hero.   Aristotle, in his study of Greek drama entitled Poetics, provided the framework that determines the tragic hero of a work.   Though Antigone definitely possesses the characteristics and qualities thatRead More Creon is the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Creon is the Tragic Hero of Antigone nbsp; When the title of a play is a characters name, it is normally assumed that the character is the protagonist of the play. In Sophocles Antigone, most people probably believe Antigone to be the tragic heroine, even after they have finished watching the play. It may be argued, however, that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic character. When we examine the nature and concept of the Greek Tragedy and what it means to be a tragic character, it becomesRead More Creon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesCreon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Since the play’s inception, there has always existed a contention concerning the true hero of Sophocles’ Antigone. It is a widely held belief that Antigone must be the main character simply because she and the drama share name. This is, of course, a very logical assumption. Certainly Sophocles must have at least meant her to be viewed as the protagonist, else he would not have given her the play’s title. Analytically speaking, however, Creon doesRead MoreEssay on Creon The Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone723 Words   |  3 PagesCreon The Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Every Greek tragedy must have a tragic hero. In Sophocle’s play, Antigone, the most tragic hero is Creon. He is an essentially good man of high position who takes pride in his role as king. He possesses the tragic flaws of excessive pride and an oversized ego. This causes the tragic reversal that leads to his emotional ruin and eventual remorse and repentance. As King of Thebes, Creon is forced to make difficult decisions. As a new ruler, he feelsRead MoreEssay about The Tragic Hero Creon in Antigone by Sophocles818 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, Antigone by Sophocles, at first glance readers assume that Antigone is the tragic hero. However, this is not the case. Although Antigone does display some characteristics of a tragic hero, I believe that Creon is the true tragic hero. For many readers, it may be a challenge to see Creon as the tragic hero; however, when you take a second look at the play, you can see that Creon displays every quality of a tragic hero. Creon’s power and pride as well as going against the gods all leadRead More Creon as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay1908 Words   |  8 PagesCreon as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Antigone Tragedy always involves human suffering, but not everyone who suffers is a Tragic Hero. According to Aristotle, there are five basic criteria that must be met for a character to be considered a Tragic Hero. Aristotle’s ideas about tragedy were recorded in his book of literacy theory titled Poetics. In it he has a great deal to say about the structure, purpose and intended effect of tragedy. His ideas have been adopted, disputed, expanded, and discussedRead MoreEssay about Creon Defines the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone762 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone - Creon Defines the Tragic Hero   Ã‚   Antigone, written by Sophocles is a tale of a tragic hero who suffers with the recognition and realization of his tragic flaw. Although this short story is titled after Antigone, Creon is the main character and he provides the moral significance in the play. First, Creon withholds the respect of his citizens but it is clear to them he is not perfect through his pride (tragic flaw). Secondly, his radical reversal of fortune is made clear afterRead MoreEssay about The True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles Antigone1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles Antigone There has always been a great debate over who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone. Many scholars would stake claim to Antigone possessing all the necessary characteristics of a true tragic hero, but many others would argue that Creon holds many qualities as well. It is hard to discount Antigone as a tragic hero, because in fact, the play bears her name, but from careful reading, Creon meets Aristotles criteria exactly and fits

Business Ethics and Sustainability for Corruption in Brazil

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics and Sustainability for Corruption in Brazil. Answer: Introduction All around the globe corruption has become a very important issue (Funderburk, 2016). It is increasing day by day and is affecting the system of the nation. This is present in the bureaucracies in many parts of the world and is acting like a termite to the nations. Corruption is highly prevalent in the developing nations like Brazil. This country is one of the fastest developing nations all around the world but is highly affected by the corruption. There are many forms of corruption and governments in these countries are trying hard to remove it. This is not an issue that is related to any specific departments rather it is present at every level of organisation. Larger part of the population is affected by this problem and is hampering the development of the nation. This report highlights the various forms of corruption present in Brazil. It also showcases the strategies that can be adopted by the government to eliminate this problem. Corruption in Brazil Corruption is understood to be as the form of dishonesty undertaken by the individuals provided with the responsibility or position of authority. This is done with a motive of using their authority to acquire some kind of personal benefits. The definition of corruption varies in various regions of the world. Corruption is highly prevalent in oligarchies, kleptocracies, mafia states and mafia states. In Brazil corruption exist at every societys level from the higher officials in the government to the lowest municipal level members (Power and Taylor, 2011). Operation car wash revealed that the central government officials take use of their public offices prerogatives for activities for rent. It ranged from political support to illegal funds from state owned organisations for individual gains. Mensalao is practiced in Brazil in which taxpayers fund is transferred as monthly allowances to the congress members from different political parties for their votes and help in congress. It was found in the operation that politician were using state-owned and state run oil company Petrobras to earn hundreds of millions of reais for themselves as well as political campaigns. In this regard there was a huge protest that conducted back in the year 2013. Almost all the kinds of corruption exist in Brazil namely cronyism, nepotism and clientilism. Even the judiciary did not remain unaffected as m embers of Supreme Court were found to be mingling with politicians. Bribery is a common form of corruption in the police system throughout the Brazilian bureaucracy (Power and Taylor, 2011). Popular form of corruption that exists in Brazil is embezzlement of public funds through overbilling. This is highly seen when the contracts is given to the private companies. For example in the infrastructural construction like building roads etc. this is the most common form of corruption. The president of Petrobras estimated that company has lost $2 billion US. Scale of corruption is very high, but is not reported in the media very often and many a time it is not even investigated hence most of the people doing corruption do not get punished or prosecuted. Hence estimating the extent of corruption could be vague. It is estimated that approx. 16.1% of its GDP gets wasted due to corruption. In 2016 Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index rank gave Brazil 79th place out of 176 nations. Different forms of corruption in Brazil Brazilian law defined corruption as a crime that got divided into three modes namely passive, active and both passive and active. Passive corruption occurs when public officials asks for bribery in any form for doing or not doing something (Timmons and Garfias, 2015). Active corruption happens when anyone gives money for doing something that he must not do. This happens when both the sides are involved in it like one side offering bribe and other side accepting it. There are basically three types of corruption namely white, gray and black. All of them are as follows: Gray corruption: This type of corruption occurs when social actors analyse a determined behaviour in a way that can be controversial. This form of corruption exists deep in the bureaucracy. White corruption: Such kind of corruption occurs when a social behaviour is reproved by law. This kind of corruption is approved by the population who sometimes does not even recognise the behaviour as mutually questionable. This is not understood as a major form of corruption. Black corruption: This is a corruption which is not acceptable both in the case of law and social norms (Nur-Tegin and Czap, 2012). By both means it disapproves the behaviour. In other words it means that the law punishes them and law punishes them. Society never accepts this corruption as it is done citing their personal benefit. This kind of corruption is highly unethical and destroys the business environment. These corruptions are further categorised into three parts. They are as follows: Political corruption: This is a corruption that is done by the people in the government authorities. In Brazil there are many corrupted politicians that exist in the society (Ionescu, 2014). All these politicians have links with the business association. Politician helps them for providing the benefit to the company. This puts the resources of the nation on stake as they sell these resources on lower prices to the company. Administrative corruption: This is the form of the corruption that includes persons like officers, higher authorities, clerks, peons etc. They do not do work without being bribed. This corruption directly deals with the welfare of the society and exists in grass root levels. For example even for making the driving license, it becomes crucial that bribe needs to be given. People directly face such kind of corruption. Professional corruption: This is the corruption that is associated with the jobs that is done by the people sitting at any position. This may include doing any kind of fraud, theft or mixing anything for increasing their profits (Matheus, et al., 2012). This form of corruption generally does not get noticed but affects the life style of the people. This is dangerous as it hampers the social well-being of the society. All these three types of corruption are present in the country like Brazil and since it is the developing nation hence it affects the growth rate of the country. All these type of corruption degrades the image of the Brazilian society and is not understood as a place for sustainable business (Bologna, 2016). There are major loses to the business of the country. This demotivates the multinational companies to invest in Brazil since they have to invest a whole lot of money in lobbying. Effects of corruption Corruption has a very severe effect on the society as it hampers the development of the country. This directly or indirectly degrades the wellbeing of the person living in the society. The first and foremost loss is the loss to the GDP of the nation which is the indication of the growth rate of the country. Alone Brazil loses 16% of the total GDP of the nation (Olken and Pande, 2012). It can be seen that corruption in Brazil had affected the health infrastructure of the nation as the governments are not able to give funds to the health sector. The biggest thing that corruption does is that it creates economic disparity as rich and powerful starts getting richer while the poor get poorer. This is due to the fact that all the resources within the nation get into the hands of few who utilises their powers for their personal benefit. Strategies implemented by the government of Brazil for eliminating corruption There are several strategies that are taken by the government of Brazil for eliminating corruption. Some of them are as follows: Policies and laws: There are many laws and rules that are made by the government of Brazil in order to control the amount of corruption that exist in the society (Ayres, 2016). Since there are no single laws that can prevent from corruption hence the government is making many smaller and bigger laws so that such practices can be stopped. Brazil passed a new anti-corruption law in August 2013. Numbers of cases in which the people are convicted have risen to 133% (Bologna and Ross, 2015). Transparency: Government is trying to build a system that is more transparent. Digital mediums have started to act as one of the best methods for bringing transparency in the system. Access to the information law has been increase so that common people can also know about the working of the administration. Transparency portal was made in the year 2004 where all information about the spending of the federal government can be obtained (Adorno, 2013). Information exchange: The government has made platform for the officials at the local, state and foreign levels to exchange data easily. It is a method that helps them in exchanging of information between all the social actors. Conclusion From the above based report it can be concluded that in Brazil corruption exist at every levels. From top parliamentary officials to the workers at the ground levels all are involved in such unethical works. This has created a lot of the problems for the development of the country. Different forms of corruption exist in Brazil. This has resulted in a heavy loss to the company as well as to the GDP of the nation. Government has made many rules and policies so as to make sure that they can fight with the corruption. They have also made the platform where anyone can get the information about the spending of the governments. Referrences Adorno, S., (2013). Democracy in progress in contemporary Brazil: Corruption, organized crime, violence and new paths to the rule of law.International Journal of Criminology and Sociology,2, pp.409-425. Ayres, C. (2016) Understanding the use of technology in organisations: A systematic approach. [Online]. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028context=acis2008. [Accessed on: 12th April 2018]. Bologna, J. and Ross, A., (2015). Corruption and entrepreneurship: evidence from Brazilian municipalities.Public Choice,165(1-2), pp.59-77. Bologna, J., (2016). The effect of informal employment and corruption on income levels in Brazil.Journal of Comparative Economics,44(3), pp.657-695. Funderburk, C., (2016). Corruption in Brazil. InPolitical Corruption in Comparative Perspective(pp. 55-83). Routledge. Ionescu, L., (2014). The role of government auditing in curbing corruption.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,9(3), p.122. Matheus, R., Ribeiro, M.M., Vaz, J.C. and de Souza, C.A., (2012), October. Anti-corruption online monitoring systems in Brazil. InProceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance(pp. 419-425). ACM. Nur-Tegin, K. and Czap, H.J., (2012). Corruption: Democracy, autocracy, and political stability.Economic Analysis and Policy,42(1), pp.51-66. Olken, B.A. and Pande, R., (2012). Corruption in developing countries.Annu. Rev. Econ.,4(1), pp.479-509. Power, T.J. and Taylor, M.M., (2011). Accountability institutions and political corruption in Brazil.Corruption and democracy in Brazil. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. Power, T.J. and Taylor, M.M., 2011.Corruption and democracy in Brazil. University of Notre Dame Press. Timmons, J.F. and Garfias, F., (2015). Revealed corruption, taxation, and fiscal accountability: Evidence from Brazil.World Development,70, pp.13-27.

Running Head Activity Based Management free essay sample

Activity-based management (ABM) can be described as an organizational philosophy which helps companies adapt to changes, introduce new methods of manufacturing and quality control.   In their attempts to increase productivity in the 1980s, managers tried to determine what was causing their costs, in other words, they tried to determine their cost drivers. The simplistic cost systems of the day usually assumed only one cost driver, which was volume of production. The examination of costs in most firms revealed a host of cost drivers, including such factors as number of setups, number of different products, material movements, and engineering change orders. Forrest (1996) states that: â€Å"an activity-based management is more a management system than a financial system† (1). Today, many firms attempt to eliminate non-value-adding activities. Researchers (Cokins 2001) explain that in the typical factory most products spend far more time sitting somewhere waiting to be worked on than they do in actual production. Furthermore, many activities do not add value per se. We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head Activity Based Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Among the activities that do not add value are moving, inspecting, training, and supervising. Manufacturers begin to increase productivity as they eliminated these non-value-adding activities. Activity-based management influences all aspects of management including planning, organizing, coordination and control. Forrest (1996) underlines that â€Å"the quality of planning process in the early phases of development is essential to the success of ABM program. The extent to which varying viewpoints and perspectives are considered in constructing the program’s architecture could determine the long-term commitment of rank-and-file participants as well as senior management† (4). Some of the ideas and challenges applied for activity-based management are inventory systems, emphasis on quality, increased automation, changing factory layouts, continuous innovations,   the concept of removal of constraints, and shortened product life cycles. Activity-based costing is a part of activity-based management used as a financial tool in management planning and control. â€Å"Research has shown that automation, computer-integrated manufacturing, and robotics have increased overhead support costs that often are unrelated to allocation bases such as direct labor hours and dollars† (Albright, Sparr 213). Producers begin to recognize that carrying inventory tied up funds that cab not be used elsewhere in the business. They begin to realize that there are more profitable uses for money than having it tied up in inventory. Just-in-Time In the narrow sense, JIT means elimination of all unnecessary inventories. The traditional view of inventories by manufacturers was that a business had to balance the cost of carrying inventory against the cost of stockouts. Because the fear of stockouts was high, most producers carried large amounts of inventory. In the raw materials area, manufacturers worried about running out of some essential item that would mean the production line would have to be shut down. Dollar figures of how much per minute or hour it cost for a shutdown were somehow computed, and the threat loomed large in the minds of all production managers. Using activity-based management, manufacturers produce only when a customer place an order, to view production as being pulled through from the sales end rather than pushed through from the production end. â€Å"Strategy today has to align itself to the fluid nature of this external environment. It must be flexible enough to change constantly and to adapt to outside and internal conditions even as the aspiration to deliver favorable outcomes for shareholders remains constant† (Bryan 18). With this kind of outlook, there is no need for workers to produce just to keep them busy. Indeed there is no need to produce at all unless there is an order. The result is a lean and mean approach that severely curtailed inventories of semi-finished products. â€Å"Improvement in both technology and management techniques continued in the manufacturing industries, with automation and the use of computers playing a major role† (Ndahi 14). Total Quality Management In terms of ABM, TQM can be explained as production of acceptable quality at minimum cost. When producers gain a marketing advantage by producing a high quality product, the old ideas are shaken. Curiously, many producers are also cost competitive. Globalization affects economic situation on the market and opens new opportunities for foreign competitors. In this case, foreign competitors can provide a product that is both higher in quality and lower in cost. Companies that have successfully upgraded the quality of their products have pushed back the emphasis on quality to the earliest possible point in the production process (Cokins 72). The traditional approach was to inspect the product, usually in the final stages of production. In the meantime the defective products sat with all costs invested, using capital in much the same fashion as other excess inventories. Manufacturers trying to improve quality began to emphasize employee participation. Today, companies like Toyota, Apple, GM, and others have maintained their market shares by emphasizing high quality. Today, workers are encouraged to inspect the product themselves rather than rely on a separate team of inspectors. Quality is a critical aspect of the management function, no longer left entirely to the operators. But a top-management commitment is necessary to realize improvements in quality (Cokins 79). The continuing competitiveness of U.S. corporations depends on how well quality is managed.   In this case, setup cost reduction on lot size has a crucial impact on product cost and profitability. The impact is shown to be significant with order quantity reduction. The resulting reduction in setup times facilitates production changeovers, thereby making it possible to respond rapidly to changes in demand and substantially increase manufacturing flexibility. E. Deming’s Approach Creating new products is important, but not without the ability to produce them efficiently as well. Deming underline that the ability to scrutinize, streamline, and refine processes of manufacturing and service — while adding to and enhancing quality — are the main factors of success. Central to his methods and management philosophy is an insistence that anything made or done can be made or done better, that unheard of levels of quality and improvement are achievable if we begin to recognize and appreciate the strengths of each individual worker. Deming singles out 14 main points of effective quality control and management. The main points include (1) create constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service; (2) adopt the new philosophy; (3) cease dependence on mass inspection; (4) improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, etc. (Walton 1990). In terms of ABM, improvement is not a one-time effort. Everyone in the organization must constantly be looking for ways to reduce waste and improve quality, to save time, and to promote achievement. The main point for modern organizations is that as times and conditions change, there is always a need to refine processes and procedures in order to become even more effective. Giving people time to think and talk about their work and methods is essential to constant improvement (Forrest 1996). Moreover, his method promotes complacency by establishing management-determined standards for employees rather than allowing them to establish and work toward their own standards in areas in which they have expertise. Mass inspection is antithetical to the belief that people will strive to do high-quality work where trust exists. This does not mean that there is no place for quality control, nor does it rule out peer assessment for the purpose of improvement (Forrest 24) Six Sigma For modern organizations, six sigma quality programs can be the main tool which helps to adapt to new economic environment and implement technological innovations. For instance, Six Sigma allows companies to integrate the Internet into every aspect of the company, both to reduce costs and to expand markets. With Six Sigma, there is heavy emphasis on analysis and results. Like other management concepts that get elevated to fad status, companies can now buy Six Sigma off the shelf and put it into operation at their own companies (Forrest 1996). Six Sigma approach cannot control events outside the company such as an economic crisis or collapsing demand. Lean Manufacturing ABM plays a crucial role in lean manufacturing allowing companies to reduce cost and improve productivity. The most visible difference in todays factories is the increased use of quality control. Although development of new technology has always been a U.S. strength, adoption of that technology in factories has not been as rapid as might be expected. Lean manufacturing focuses on the following activities: transportation, motion, inventory, waiting time, over-production and defective product. â€Å"The lean concept encourages the use of versatile machines that can be used for continuous and small-batch production. These machines may not necessarily be huge, but they must be flexible. The objective is to reduce cycle time† (Ndahi 16). For example, if a manufacturing process required a mixing, molding, and finishing operation, the old layout would place all the mixing machines together in one place or department, and all the molding and finishing machines would be similarly grouped. Workers usually did not move out of their department and learned how to operate only one type of equipment. â€Å"The use of versatile machines and the infusion of computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) has allowed for flexibility in manufacturing design, process planning, machining, quality control, inspection, and inventory† (Ndahi 16). Discussion Section In modern economic conditions, ABM will be an effective solution to many organizations which try to improve service and product quality, reduce cost and remain competitive in dynamic markets. Companies can use different methods and elements of ABM which meet their organizational structure and needs. One feature of most of the changes in the manufacturing environment is that they came more from concepts or philosophies than from specific techniques. Of those concepts, one of the most pervasive is the idea of continuous improvement. â€Å"Competition in manufacturing exists because quality and cost are the most important factors to customers. Therefore, to maintain a competitive edge in the global market, lean manufacturers are continuing to pursue quality management practices and approaches for continuous improvement† (Ndahi 16). ABM is seen as the key to global competitiveness and the long-term survivability of the firm (Cokins 37). Within ABM, quality is seen as customer and environment driven. Modern production organizations should understand the impact of their actions on other organizations and see that their inability to improve quality and productivity affects the productivity of organizations dealing directly or indirectly with them. As a result, society suffers as productivity declines and companies are not able to provide more jobs. Thus a company should try to be responsive to its environment and show concern for societal needs and demands.   Today, ABM can be a strategic tool that goes beyond the present focus on direct products or services rendered. Activity-based costing seeks to identify activities that cause or drive costs (Cokins 39). Once these activities are identified, product costs are assigned according to the activities consumed (Caplan et al 51). Conclusion Modern manufacturing environment is an era of change in many ways. Whether the changes will be sufficient to meet the demands and beyond remains to be seen. Whatever the challenges in manufacturing, it is clear that managers need relevant, accurate, and complete cost information. Without such information, they will be unable to make the important decisions they face. The advantage of ABM is that it is customer and environment driven, with both factors considered in developing an effective quality program. Cost oriented focus and market-driven quality are often narrow, focusing primarily on the ability of a product or service to satisfy a customers direct need and improve companies profitability and market share. Works Cited Albright, Th., Sparr, R. Activity-Based Management for the Labor Intensive Manufacturer: A Field Study. Journal of Managerial Issues, 6 (2), 1994, p. 213. Bryan, L.L. Just-in-Time Strategy for a Turbulent World. The McKinsey Quarterly, 2002, pp. 17-20. Caplan, C., Melumad, N.D. Ziv, A. Activity-Based Costing and Cost Interdependencies among Products: The Denim Finishing Company. Issues in Accounting Education, 20 (1), 2005, p. 51. Cokins, G. Activity-based Cost Management: An Executives Guide, Wiley, 2001. Forrest, E. Activity-Based Management: A Comprehensive Implementation Guide. McGraw-Hill; 1996. Ndahi, H.B. Lean Manufacturing in a Global and Competitive Market. The Technology Teacher, 66 (3) 2006, pp. 14-19. Walton, Mary. Deming Management at Work. New York: Perigee, 1990.

The Memoir Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

The Memoir Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers The Memoir Student Name Institution Affiliation A memoir is a more extended piece of innovative true to life that dives profound into an author's personal experience. It, ordinarily uses various scenes/stories as a method for inspecting an essayist's life or an imperative minute in an author's life. It is as a normal, yet not really and necessary story. I had to apply nonfiction skills in writing my memoirs, so that I can capture readers who are hypnotized that this truly took place . E veryone comprehends that a memoir can use recreated scenes and exchange to perform the story, however it does not hurt to turn out and say you have done as such truth be told, nowadays most journals start with an Author's Note stipulating that a few names and occasions have been adjusted to ensure individu als' security and for the story . In addition, you cannot change a couple of minutes in "A night before Christmas" into hours as I was imagined, as I did, without breaking that cru cial agreement with your readers . Nor would you be able to cut back yo ur family: When I chose to use the term , "Afishapa" which means Mer ry Christmas and Happy New Year, my intention was to attract the readers, but in reality that term does not exist in my local language. Furthermore, to keep readers attention, I had to apply crea tive skills when I said that " I truly wish that those recollections were genuine today! " Almost all readers will be attracted or will want to know why the writer decided to use that 'mark', and this can g ive the story a role as fiction, despite the fact that it was basically valid. My untamed skills have been changed by reading different novels . I now have the certainty and knowledge in completing all my memoirs I have been writing for the last two month. Most of the novels have re-established my enthusiasm and cured my , temporarily uncooperative mind. Oc casionally in life, in case you a re fortunate, you run ove r an educator like Patti. I canno t talk all the more , exceedingly of her showing style, respectability and care. This has been a life getting updated course from multiple points of view.' Finally, 'Patti Miller's story acquainted me w ith the indispensable skills , systems , and methodologies expected to tak e in the art of composing a memoir . The contr ibution from different writers , editors, distributers, abstract pundits, operators and m arketing experts was precious. For example, the author states that " I had completed a first draft of the book and despised it. I pushed it in the drawer. At the point when my child Nic, implored me to expound on his sibling Christopher I chose to give it ano ther shot." The story was incredible on the grounds that it gave me certainty to proceed.

10 Fascinating Facts about Bess Beetles

10 Fascinating Facts about Bess Beetles The  amiable bess beetles  (family Passalidae)  make great classroom pets, and are fun to watch. Bess beetles are so much more than cute; theyre also some of the most sophisticated bugs on the planet. Dont believe it? Consider these 10 fascinating facts about bess beetles. 1. Bess beetles are important decomposers Passalids live in hardwood logs, munching away on the tough tree fibers and turning them into new soil. They prefer oak, hickory, and maple, but will set up shop in just about any hardwood log that has sufficiently decayed. If youre looking for bess beetles, turn over rotting logs on the forest floor. In the tropics, where bess beetles are more diverse, a single log may house as many as 10 different Passalid species. 2. Bess beetles live in family groups Within their log homes, both bess beetle parents reside with their offspring. With their powerful mandibles, they excavate rooms and passages to house their family. The bess beetle family guards its home against any and all intruders, including other unrelated bess beetles. In some species, a large, extended family of individuals lives together in a colony. This subsocial behavior is quite unusual among beetles. 3. Bess beetles talk Like many other insects – crickets, grasshoppers, and cicadas, for example – bess beetles use sounds to communicate with one another. Whats remarkable, however, is how sophisticated their language seems to be. One North American species, Odontotaenius disjunctis, produces 14 distinct sounds, presumably with different meanings. An adult bess beetle talks by rubbing a hardened part of its hindwings against spines on the dorsal surface of its abdomen, a behavior known as stridulation. Larvae can communicate, too, by rubbing their middle and hind legs against each other. Captive bess beetles will complain loudly when disturbed in any way, and squeak audibly when handled. 4. Bess beetles co-parent their young The vast majority of insect parents simply deposit their eggs and go. A few, like some stink bug mothers, will guard her eggs until they hatch. In fewer still, a parent might stick around long enough to keep her nymphs safe. But rare are the insect parents that remain together as a pair to raise their young to adulthood, and bess beetles are counted among them. Not only do the mother and father bess beetle work together to feed and protect their offspring, but the older larvae stick around to help with rearing their younger siblings. 5. Bess beetles eat poop Like termites and other insects that feed on wood, bess beetles need the help of microorganisms to break down the tough plant fibers. Without these digestive symbionts, they simply couldnt process the cellulose. But bess beetles arent born with these vital fungi and bacteria living in their guts. The solution? They eat their own poop, much like rabbits do, to keep a healthy number of microorganisms in their digestive tracts. Without enough frass in its diet, a bess beetle will die. 6. Bess beetles lay their eggs in nests of poop Baby bess beetles are at an even greater digestive disadvantage, because their mandibles arent strong enough to chew wood and they lack gut microorganisms. So mama and papa bess beetle start their babies out in a cradle made of masticated wood and frass. In fact, when a  bess beetle larva reaches its final instar and is ready to pupate, its parents and siblings work together to construct it a cocoon made of frass. Thats how important poop is to a Passalid. 7. Bess beetles have a lot of nicknames Members of the family Passalidae go by a long list of common names: bessbugs, bessiebugs, betsy beetles, bess beetles, horned passalus beetles, patent leather beetles, peg beetles, and horn beetles.   The many variations on bess seems to derive from the French word baiser, which means to kiss, and is likely a reference to the smooching sound they make when they stridulate. If youve seen one, you already know why some people call them patent leather beetles – theyre quite shiny and black, like patent leather shoes. 8. Bess beetles look menacing, but are surprisingly gentle The first time you see a bess beetle, you might be a bit intimidated. Theyre hefty insects, often well over 3 cm long, with the massive mandibles youd expect from a beetle that eats wood. But rest assured, they dont bite, and dont even grab hold of your fingers with their feet the way scarab beetles do. Because theyre so easygoing and big, they make good first pets for young insect lovers. If youre a teacher interested in keeping insects in your classroom, you wont find one easier to care for and handle than the bess beetle. 9. Most bess beetles live in the tropics The family Passalidae includes roughly 600 described species, and nearly all of them live in tropical habitats. Only four species are known from the U.S. and Canada, and of these, two species havent been seen for decades. Some bess beetle species are endemic, meaning they live only in a certain area, such as on an isolated mountain or a particular island. 10. To date, just a single bess beetle fossil has been found The only prehistoric Passalid known from the fossil record is Passalus indormitus, collected in Oregon. Passalus indormitus dates to the Oligocene epoch, and lived about 25 million years ago. There are no known bess beetles living in the Pacific Northwest today, interestingly. Passalus indormitus is most similar to Passalus punctiger, a living species that inhabits Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America. Sources: Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants, by Douglas W. TallamyAmerican Beetles: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea, Volume 2, edited by Ross H. Arnett, JR, Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, J. Howard FrankInsect Behavior, by Robert W. Matthews, Janice R. MatthewsNinety-nine Gnats, Nits, and Nibblers, by May BerenbaumBess Beetles of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Entomology website. Accessed December 10, 2013.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonEncyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.

The Internet and the E-Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Internet and the E-Business - Assignment Example The best atmosphere to start electronic education could be suited in the library where most of the students go for extra studies. Here, students can gradually be able to adapt to E- learning and effectively be able to work with e-learning in computer science and business. Apparently, e- business at the University of Libya will ensure transactions takes place electronically. The internet and e-business will be used in the institution for four main purposes; to give strategy and direction with regard to e-business, to maintain cordial relationship between the stakeholders, and the institution’s community as a whole, to improve communication and information in learning, and other interactions, and to maintain process and culture of e-business for a good gain (Canzer 7). The kind of business transactions that are found at the University of Libya include; Business-to –Business (B-to-B), Business-to- Consumer (B-to-C), and Consumer-to-Consumer (C-to C). Through these business transactions, there is clear identification of business partners at hand (Canzer 20). Question 2 _ Advantages and Obstacles on Electronic Education The internet and the e-business are supposed to improve and enrich learning in the institution through electronic education. In essence, the e-business will serve the University with a digitized international platform which allows self-marketing in terms of services especially to the target market entailing local students who want to pursue various courses. Additionally, e-business will assist the institution in providing more information on its website and updates at all times. There will be reduced operational costs particularly in creating, processing and retrieving paper based information that is mostly used in learning. Moreover, communication between stake holders and the institution fraternity is reduced for cheaper and faster procurements. In light of this, business in the institution will be available and accessible to concerned parties at all times. Hence, there will be increased online students and learning processes raising the bar in terms of methods of delivery, conten t, and the quality of material (Canzer 11). Contrary to this, the e-business puts the institution at risk in terms of security due to lack of sufficient systems for security, and the increase rate of internet hacking being witnessed all over the world. The migration to digitals technology is very expensive especially in maintenance of technology, which keeps advancing constantly. Needless to mention that, stakeholders must be conversant with computers to fit in the world of technology. In general, internet and e-business tends to convert the institution into a ‘slave’ of technology as it must rely on the internet for every transaction (Canzer 11). Question 3 _ Security and Legislative Issues with Electronic Education The decision of the University of Libya to start E-Learning in the form of online learning facilities for local students is a bold step towards embracing the internet, and technology in full. Even so, it is important to note that the internet is one of the places where much security is needed due to continuous hacking that is been witnessed. In light of this, it is crucial that while transacting online, the identity of business partners and clients should be verified.

Positive and negative externalities Research Paper - 1

Positive and negative externalities - Research Paper Example It will also highlight solutions to mitigate these externalities. It will finally analyze the different stakeholders involved in the externalities and their role regarding the externality There are negative externalities related to environmental consequences. An example of a negative externality with environmental consequences is pollution. There are different forms of pollution; air, water and noise. Air pollution has public health implications, and causes damage to buildings and crops. Water pollution has the potential to cause harm to humans, plants and animals. Noise pollution on the other hand might cause disruptions, both mentally and psychologically, to people and animals. Public goods are an example of a positive externality. These are goods whose benefits people cannot be excluded from enjoying. Public goods include clean water, public defense, law enforcement, social amenities and so on. These goods are accessible to most people in the society (Tulkens & Chander, 2006). If businesses start accepting payments online for the services and goods they offer, these actions can lead to a negative externality. This means that clients no longer need to buy paper cheques in order to pay, a situation which means that cheque printing firms will lose revenues. This can also result into unemployment especially for employees charge with the role of processing cheques. In the course of the operation of a company, there are byproducts created. These by products make their way into the environment and cause pollution. Air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels in industries. Water pollution occurs when industrial wastes are deposited into water sources. Noise pollution occurs in situations where the production process emits destructive sounds that get into the atmosphere. Public goods exist for the satisfaction of the needs of the entire society. These goods exist so that everyone in the society can benefit from them. If such goods did not

A research proving that the act of abortion is not immoral Essay Example for Free

A research proving that the act of abortion is not immoral Essay Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Since 1969, abortion has been legal in Canada. However, it was only allowed under special circumstances which included, high-risk pregnancies and pregnancy as a result of rape. Abortion without federal restrictions has been legal since 1988 in Canada. With the advanced technology of today, abortion can be done both surgically and non-surgically. Furthermore, many today may believe that abortion should be illegal as it is considered to be â€Å"inhumane†. Nevertheless, because of the time the abortion takes place, the situations that make abortion the only option and avoiding birth defects, one can come to the conclusion that abortion is not immoral. This fact can be proven throughout the research done by medical professionals and people who have had to get an abortion done. The universal definition of abortion states that abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by either a surgical or non-surgical method before the fetus is able to sustain independent life (up to 24 weeks). Abortion ranges in two different forms, surgical and non-surgical. There are 2 types of surgical procedures which are Vacuum Suction Curettage (VSC)  and Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA). Throughout the first twenty weeks of pregnancy, the fetus has now developed the entire skeletal figure, all major organs are functioning, and this would include the heart, stomach, liver, kidney, and brain. By twenty weeks, the fetus can now kick, grasp with his or her hands, hair is visible and vocal cords are working. Stated by Dr. Paul Ranali, a neurologist studying at the University of Toronto, there is evidence of the fetus feeling pain during the abortion procedure (Pollitt, 2011). Although it is unusual that one would have an abortion this late in the pregnancy, abortion can take place any time during the first trimester of pregnancy which is up to 24 weeks, the fetal brain is completely developed at the age of 20 weeks. The brain has the full complement of brain cells as an adult would have therefore made the fetus ready to receive pain signals from the body (Johnson, 2011). Overall, many still allow the abortion to take place after knowing this information. Because the abortion process takes place at such an early stage in the pregnancy, many do not seem to consider the fetus as a human, therefore, disregarding the slurs (murdering the fetus) that are typically said. The main cause for abortions would be the fact that they are unplanned pregnancies. As stated in the Annual Abortion Survey in the United States (AAS), â€Å"on average, women give at least  3 reasons for choosing abortion: 3/4 say that having a baby would interfere with work, school or other responsibilities; about 3/4 say they cannot afford a child; and 1/2 say they do not want to be a single parent or are having problems with their husband or partner† (Annual Abortion Survey- USA, 2013). Because of these reasons, it is unfair to bring an innocent child into the world where they would not receive the care that is needed. Also stated in the AAS, twenty-one percent of women included a physical problem with their health among reasons for having an abortion  and eleven percent admitted that they went along to get an abortion due to the fact that they were victims of rape. Those who do not wish to have a child because of financial situations can be understood by those who believe abortion is immoral because raising a child in today’s time is known to be expensive to those who make an average salary of $34,000. While considering having a child, one must be able to provide basic necessities such as diapers and formula. The costs of diapers can range from $10.00 $50.00. The costs of baby formula can range from $15.00 $50.00 (Evers, 2013).   If one cannot provide their child with the essential needs, they should not bring them into the world. If one cannot provide for their child, it can also cause a strain on the mother and father’s relationship due to overwhelming stress and pressure. Also, studies in the United States have shown, those who are not financially stable and continue with their pregnancy, are more likely to become unemployed, to be on public welfare, to be below the poverty line, and to later on in life, become victims of domestic violence (Evers, 2013). Because many do not want to be placed in a situation where they are in danger or not capable of raising a child, they choose to abort the potential child. A birth defect is defined as a health problem or physical change which is present in a baby at the time he or she is born. Birth defects can occur either from genetic factors or even environmental factors. The genetic causes could be inheritance, single gene defects, multifactorial inheritance, teratogens or a chromosome abnormality.   Luckily, only three out of every one-hundred babies are born with a birth defect (Williams, 2007). Many birth defects can be diagnosed before birth with specialized prenatal diagnosis test. Birth defects that are considered as chromosomal abnormalities such as Downs Syndrome can be diagnosed before birth by examining the amniotic fluid from the placenta. A commonly used test that screen for birth defects and mainly Downs Syndrome would be Alpha-fetoprotein. Alpha-fetoprotein measures the levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood. This screening may be included as one part of a two, three, or four-part screening, often called a multiple marker screen. The other parts may include the following: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Estriol (Williams, 2007). Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is extracted from the placenta cells. High levels may indicate a fetus with Down Syndrome. Estriol is  a hormone produced by the placenta and by the fetal liver and adrenal glands. Low levels may indicate a fetus with Down Syndrome. Other birth defects that are a leading cause of infant mortality would be heart defects and missing organs and limbs. These birth defects are noticed through ultrasounds just before the pregnancy goes to twenty weeks. It was founded that roughly two percent of all pregnancies are complicated by a major birth defect. Of that two percent, ninety-three percent of the women decided to terminate the pregnancy before the child is born into a life of suffering (Williams, 2007). Thus concluding that women mainly resort in abortion in order to protect a child from being born with a disability that could lead them i n a life where it would be difficult for them to survive. In conclusion, one can say that abortion is not an immoral act due to the fact that at the time abortion takes place the fetus has not yet become a human, the situations that make abortion the only option which shields the unborn child from being born into a world where they cannot be taken care of and avoiding birth defects. This fact has been proven throughout this essay by the research done by medical professionals and people who have gone through this experience. Bibliography Abortion Laws Worldwide. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2015, from https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/460/abortion-laws-worldwide Annual Abortion Survey-USA. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.abort73.com/abortion_facts/us_abortion_statistics/ Childrens Health. The  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nemours Foundation, 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/genetics.html?tracking=P_RelatedArticle. Description of Types of Abortions, Abortion Procedures, How They Work, What to Expect. Description of Types of Abortions, Abortion Procedures, How They Work, What to Expect. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. http://www.birthmothers.org/extras/types-of-abortions.htm. Evers, J. (2013, February 1). Religious views on abortion. Retrieved March 4, 2015, from https://www.spuc.org.edu/youth/student_info_on_abortion/religion Guralnick, M. J. (2010). Early intervention approaches to enhance the peer-related social competence of young children with developmental delays: A historical perspective.  Infants and Young Children, 23, 73–83. Hirsch, L.(2010). Genetic Testing. KidsHealth the Webs Most Visited Site about Johnson, M. (2011, January 1). Abortion. Retrieved March 4, 2015, from http://www.cfsh.ca/your_sexual_health/abortion/ Pollitt, K. (2011). Pro: Reclaiming abortion rights (pp. 29-43). Religious views on abortion. (2012, January 1). Retrieved March 4, 2015, from https://www.spuc.org.uk/youth/student_info_on_abortion/religion Sanghavi, D. (2013, January 1). Texas’ Bill Would Ban Abortions at the Time Testing Reveals Fetal Defects. Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/07/texas_ Williams, M. (2007). Abortion (pp. 34-59). Detroit: Greenhaven Press.

Bridge On The River Kwai by Pierre Boulle Essay -- Bridge River Kwai

Bridge On The River Kwai by Pierre Boulle The title of my book was Bridge on the river Kwai. The Bridge on the River Kwai is an epic tale of the struggle of British POWs in a Japane se prison camp during WW II. Lt. Colonel marches his men into Prisoner of War Camp 16, commanded by Colonel Saito As the troops enter the camp, they are observed by long time captive Shears, an American sailor, who has bribed a guard to be put on the sick list. Saito announces that their job will be to build a bridge over the River Kwai so that the railroad connection can be completed. However, Saito also demands that all men, including officers, will do manual labor. This act forces Nicholson to inform Saito that, under the Geneva Convention, officers can not be required to do hard work. Saito expects them to do as their told because they are his prisoners after all. A standoff occurs when Nicholson adamantly refuses to make his officers do manual labor. The battalion is marched off to work with the officers left being shot by a machine-gun. Because of Nicholson's unwillingness to back down, he and his officers are placed in the "ovens"- small, iron boxes sitting in the heat of day. Time passes with Nicholson slowly dies, while the enlisted men labor away at the bridge. Shears, along with two British soldiers, try to escape but only Shears is able to get away, having been thought drowned in the river. finally, Sait...

How to increase the number of tourist in Malaysia? Essay

I think more variety we can do how to increase the number the number of tourist in Malaysia.. Malaysia in Asia has always been a topic of interest a among traveler and tourist who love and like to visit in Asia. The response a foreign tourist a good and going to better than the support given by the local people. I think our country should doing something to increase the number of tourist. One step, our country have do promotion lower package. Promotion lower package can attract foreign tourist come visit to Malaysia. Promotion lower package such as lower price for accommodation for tourists, transport system for visit to tourism places and other. Besides promotion lower package to increase the number of tourist visit to Malaysia, our country can to prepare good quality to tourist.Good quality a mean our country to prepare more facilities, accommodation, safely and other. With more facilities, accommodation and safely we can attract more tourist come to visit Malaysia. Altogether can to increase the number of tourist in Malaysia but i think more alternative to increase the number of tourist in Malaysia such as our country to improvements in facilities and infrastructure for attract tourist come to visit in Malaysia. The transport system already to better but we have to improvements for a good. To increase the number of tourist in Malaysia, i think campaign can to increase the number and to attract tourist come to visit Malaysia. I think that all i can suggest to increase the number of tourist in Malaysia. I know my friends Salsabil and Husna have many idea different my idea..I hope, Salsabil and Husna can compare they idea with me.. Malaysia is a very unique country. Because of its characteristic, many tourist came here to know more about Malaysia. Mostly tourist came to visit many beautiful area like beach, jungle, island, mountain and so on.Not only that, tourist also want to came here because they want to know all about Malaysia like its culture, food, celebration and so on. Many of them agree that Malaysia is a beautiful and very unique country. Because of the unique factors, we have to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia because our country can get many benefit from that because in can make Malaysia popular. The first thing to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia is by make a tourism promotion inside and outside of country. As we know tourism promotion like Cuti-cuti Malaysia have been doing by government. But the promotion just obtain inside of country and not in large scale. In my opinion if government make a big promotion inside and outside of county, many people know about Malaysia and they will come to visit this beautiful country. The promotion must tell about the beautiful place in Malaysia and all the unique thins in our country. So, this will make Malaysia popular and can increase the number of tourism in Malaysia. The second thing to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia is by upgrade the public utilities. We must make our airport in first class situation. Airport is the first thing looked by tourist outside of country because it can make their travel easier to came in Malaysia. our country already have Kuala Lumpur International Airport. This airport is very big and full of facilities. because of this airport, many tourist came to Malaysia. Beside that, our government also have to increase the standard of highway. If our highway is more similar with them, this can make they like to came here and visit Malaysia. What i know, if our facilities is up to date, tourist will like our country so much because they will find all the thing in their country in Malaysia. Futhemore Malaysian people also have to become very friendly to tourist is the third thing to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia. They must show all our culture that is very unique and so kindly to tourist. This can build a positive image about Malaysia and its people in tourist eye. So, if Malaysia have a positive image, the number of tourist will increase and Malaysia get many benefit from that. Beside that, our Kastam immigration must to care about the tourist when they they  checked they visa. our immigration have to answer all their question and take care of them. This will make tourist like to came and Malaysia and they will tell about the unique of Malaysia to their family and friend. so this will make they like to came here to feel them self about the unique of Malaysia. so this will help to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia. Many factors that we have to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia. We must to do all the good thing to our country to increase the number of tourism in Malaysia. If the total of tourist increase year by year, our country will become popular in tourist eye around the world. This is the good thing to our country because many benefit that we get from tourism activities. As we Malaysia is one of the famous country that has own attractive such as culture, language and religion. So, its no wonder Malaysia is known as ‘Truly Asia’ for having a lot of interesting places to be visited by tourists from outside. There are variety of measure to increase tourist arrivals to Malaysia. Firstly, people of Malaysia have very important role to promote tourism in the country. They must be friendly and ever ready to welcome tourism with open arm to the country. Malaysia must be helpful and polite because it give a good impression to tourist when they set their foot for a holiday here. Malaysia community must provide good service and hospitality such as transport, accommodation and other to the visitors travelling to this country. This is because, they are an important asset contributing to our country. As well all know about the campaign to promote  Malaysia for all tourist around the world. Malaysia also have many race and culture. This campaign is t o attract international and domestic tourists. Malaysia have many type of tourism . with this campaign also make the tourist to learn more about Malaysia religion and culture. For example, the campaign â€Å"Cuti-cuti Malaysia† can be introduced our country toward the world. This campaign it is a good platform to our country to introduce our country as a country that having offered the great moment to the tourist through the arts of our diverse and unique culture. Therefore, the minister responsible for tourism in particular must play important role in this campaign to increase the tourist arrivals to our country. Next, the government must add the services to the tourist who come to travel to this country. This services is provided by tourist such as accommodation , transport,travel guide and so on. The facilities must follow the tastes of tourists and the prices are reasonable so as not to burden them too much in terms of money. Additionally, the government must carry out a major campaign to attract tourists from outside to come to this country. So, let us no adopt double standards in serving tourists who come to travel in Malaysia. The another way to increase the number of tourists in Malaysia is about the cleanliness. The government must to be the cleanliness of the area frequented by tourists. In my opinion, cleanliness is surely looking and many place are full of rubbish. By and large Malaysia have many bad habits that must come to an end to improve cleanliness in the country. Many toilet are smelling, dirty and without running water. So, the authorities must improves cleanliness at all cost, before it is too late. If the country is clean, tourists would come in drove to enjoy their holiday here. With all the information that i write, I conclude that as a Malaysian we should help to promote our country because it can increase the number of tourist in Malaysia ,income of our country and help to build economy of our country.

Consumers as Individuals Essay

The self-concept refers to the beliefs a person holds about their attributes, and how they evaluate these qualities. Components of the self-concept It is composed of many attributes, some of which are given greater emphasis when the overall self is being evaluated. Attributes of self-concept can be described along such dimensions as their content (for example, facial attractiveness vs. mental aptitude), positivity or negativity (i. e. elf-esteem), intensity, stability over time and accuracy (that is, the degree to which one’s self-assessment corresponds to reality). Self-esteem Self-esteem refers to the positivity of a person’s self-concept. People with low self-esteem do not expect that they will perform very well, and they will try to avoid embarrassment, failure or rejection. People with high self-esteem expect to be successful,, will take more risks and are more willing to be the centre of attention. Self-esteem is often related to acceptance by others. Marketing communications can influence a consumer’s level of self-esteem. Exposure to ads can trigger a process of social comparison, where the person tries to evaluate their self by comparing it to the people in these artificial images. Real and ideal selves Self-esteem is influenced by a process where the consumer compares their actual standing on some attribute to some ideal. The ideal self is a person’s conception of how they would like to be, while the actual self refers to our more realistic appraisal of the qualities we have or lack. And we often engage in a process of impression management where we work hard to ‘manage’ what others think of us by strategically choosing clothing and other cues that will put us in a good light. The ideal self is partly moulded by elements of the consumer’s culture, such as heroes or people depicted in advertising who serve as models of achievement or apprearance. Products may be purchased because they are believed to be instrumental in helping us achieve these goals. Some products are chosen because they are reaching the standard set by the ideal self. Multiple selves We have as many selves as we do different social roles. Depending on the situation, we act differently, use different products and services, and we even vary in terms of how much we like ourselves. A person may require a different set of products to play a desired role. The self can be thought of as having different components, or role identities, and only some of these are active at any given time. Symbolic interactionism If each person potentially has many social selves, how does each develop and how do we decide which self to ‘activate’ at any point in time? The sociological tradition of symbolic interactionism stresses that relationships with other people play a large part in forming the self. This perspective maintains that people exist in a symbolic environment, and the meaning attached to any situation or object is determined by the interpretation of these symbols. Like other social objects, the meanings of consumers themselves are defined b social consensus. The consumer interprets their own identity, and this assessment is continually evolving as they encounter new situations and people. The looking-glass self When you choose an article of clothing, the mirror superimposes it on your reflection so that you can see how it would look on you. This process of imagining the reactions of others towards us is known as ‘taking the role of the other’, or the looking-glass self. According to this view, our desire to define ourselves operates as a sort of psychological sonar, we take readings of our own identify by ‘bouncing’ signals off others and trying to project what impression they have of us. Self-conciousness There are times when people seem to be painfully aware of themselves. If you have ever walked into a class in the middle of a lecture and noticed that all eyes were on you, you can understand this feeling of self-conciousness. Some people seem in general to be more sensitive to the image they communicate to others. A heightened concern about he nature of one’s public ‘image’ also results in more concern about the social appropriateness of products and consumption activities. Several measures have been devised to measure this tendency. Consumers who score high on a scale of public self-conciousness, for example, are also more interested in clothing and are heavier users of cosmetic. A similar measure is self-monitoring. High self-monitors are more attuned to how they present themselves in their social environments, and their product choices are influenced by their estimates of how these items will be perceived by others. High self-monitors are more likely than low self-monitors to evaluate products consumed in public in terms of the impressions they make on others. Products that shape the self: you are what you consume Recall that the reflected self helps to shape self-concept, which implies hat people see themselves as they imagine others see them. People use an individual’s consumption behaviours to help them make judgements about that person’s social identity. A consumer exhibits attachment to an object to the extent that it is used by that person to maintain their self-concept. Objects can act as a sort of security blanket by reinforcing our identities, especially in unfamiliar situations. Symbolic self-completion theory predicts that people who have an incomplete self-definition tend to complete this identity by acquiring and displaying symbols associated with it. Self/product congruence Because many consumption activities are related to self-definition, it is not surprising to learn that consumers demonstrate consistency between their values and the things they buy. Self-image congruence models predict that products will be chosen when their attributes match some aspect of the self. These models assume a process of cognitive matching between these attributes and the consumer’s self-image. Research tends to support the idea of congruence between product usage and self-image. Congruity has also been found between consumers and their most preferred brands of beer, soap, toothpaste and cigarettes relative to their least preferred brands, as well as between consumers’ self-images and their favourite shops. Some specific attributes that have been found to be useful in describing some of the matches between consumers and products include rugged/delicate, excitable/calm,†¦. The extended self. Many of the props and settings consumers use to define their social roles in a sense become a part of their selves. Those external objects that we consider a part of us comprise the extended self. Many material objects, ranging from personal possessions and pets to national monuments or landmarks, help to form a consumer’s identity. Four levels of the extended self were described. These range from very personal objects to places and things that allow people to feel like they are rooted in their larger social environments. †¢ Individual level. Consumers include many of their personal possessions in self-definition. These products can include jewellery, cars, clothing and so on. The saying ‘You are what you wear’ reflects the belief that one’s things are a part of what one is. †¢ Family level. This part of the extended self includes a consumer’s residence and its furnishings. The house can be thought of as a symbolic body for the family and often is a central aspect of identity. †¢ Community level. It is common for consumers to describe themselves in terms of the neighbourhood or town from which they come. †¢ Group level. Our attachments to certain social groups can be considered a part of self. A consumer may feel that landmarks, monuments or sports teams are a part of the extended self. Sexual identity is a very important component of a consumer’s self-concept. People often conform to their culture’s expectations about how those of their gender should act, dress, speak and so on. To the extent that our culture is everything that we learn, then virtually all aspects of the consumption process must be affected by culture. Gender differences in socialization A society’s assumptions about the proper roles of men and women are communicated in terms of the ideal behaviours that are stressed for each sex (in advertising, among other places). Gender goals and expectations In many societies, males are controlled by agentic goals, which stress self-assertion and mastery. Females, on the other hand, are taught to value communal goals such as affiliation and the fostering of harmonious relations. Every society creates a set of expectations regarding the behaviours appropriate for men and women, and finds ways to communicate these priorities. Gender vs. sexual identity Sex role identity is a state of mind as well as body. A person’s biological gender does not totally determine whether they will exhibit sex-typed traits, or characteristics that are stereotypically associated with one sex or the other. A consumer’s subjective feelings about their sexuality are crucial as well.

Representation of Culture in Japanese Animation Essays

Representation of Culture in Japanese Animation Essays Representation of Culture in Japanese Animation Essay Representation of Culture in Japanese Animation Essay RESEARCH PROPOSAL: REPRESENTATIONS OF CULTURE IN JAPANESE ANIMATION BY: ASHA JHINA ROLL NO. : 0914152 SUMITTED TO: DR. SAGARIKA GOLDER CHRIST UNIVERSITY BANGALORE Animation, more commonly known as cartoons is a very integral part of a child’s growing years. A medium which started out with a sole purpose of providing entertainment has progressed into a kind of a new-age education method. Cartoons/animations are not merely a tool to keep viewers occupied, it aims to familiarise people with their culture and their roots. Through this research paper I aim to isolate the very specifics of culture which are represented in media, especially cartoons. I have narrowed my research to ‘manga’ more commonly known as ‘anime’ which is the Japanese form of animation. Japan is known to have one of the oldest and strongest historical and cultural roots which are still relevant. Previous research has shown that people who are regular followers of anime do not watch it just as a form of entertainment but also to learn about a new and enigmatic culture. The Japanese are not one of the most outgoing people therefore a medium such as anime provides an interesting as well as visually appealing insight into their lives and culture. I wish to write my research paper by referring to the different kinds of work that has been done on this topic by others. This paper shall be based on facts collected through research and a survey among anime followers. By the end of this research I aim to draw parallels between Japanese culture and the content of different Animes.

Biography of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia

Biography of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia Born in 1712, Frederick William II, known as Frederick the Great, was the third Hohenzollern King of Prussia. Although Prussia had been an influential and important part of the Holy Roman Empire for centuries, under Frederick’s rule the small kingdom rose to the status of a Great European Power and had a lasting effect on European politics in general and Germany specifically. Frederick’s influence casts a long shadow over culture, the philosophy of government, and military history. He is one of the most important European leaders in history, a long-reigning king whose personal beliefs and attitudes shaped the modern world. Fast Facts: Frederick the Great Also Known As:  Frederick William II;  Friedrich (Hohenzollern) von PreußenBorn:  January 24, 1712 in  Berlin, GermanyDied:  August 17, 1786 in  Potsdam, GermanyParents: Frederick William I,  Sophia Dorothea of HanoverDynasty: House of HohenzollernSpouse:  Austrian Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern  Ruled: Portions of Prussia  1740-1772; all of Prussia 1772-1786Legacy: Transformed Germany into a world power; modernized the legal system; and promoted freedom of the press, religious tolerance, and the rights of citizens. Early Years Frederick was born into the House of Hohenzollern, a major German dynasty. Hohenzollerns became kings, dukes, and emperors in the region from the establishment of the dynasty in the 11th century until the overthrow of the German aristocracy in the wake of World War I in 1918. Frederick’s father, King Frederick William I, was an enthusiastic soldier-king who  worked to build up Prussia’s army, ensuring that when Frederick assumed the throne he would have an outsize military force. In fact, when Frederick ascended to the throne in 1740, he inherited an army of 80,000 men, a remarkably large force for such a small kingdom. This military power allowed Frederick to have a proportionately outsize influence on European history. As a youth, Frederick showed little interest in military matters, preferring poetry and philosophy- subjects he studied in secret because his father disapproved; in fact, Frederick was often beaten and berated by his father for his interests. When Frederick was 18 years old, he formed a passionate attachment to an army officer named Hans Hermann von Katte. Frederick was miserable under the authority of his harsh father, and planned to escape to Great Britain, where his maternal grandfather was King George I, and he invited Katte to join him. When their plot was discovered, King Frederick William threatened to charge Frederick with treason and strip him of his status as Crown Prince, and then had Katte executed in front of his son. In 1733, Frederick married an Austrian Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern. It was a political marriage that Frederick resented; at one point he threatened to commit suicide before relenting and going through with the marriage as ordered by his father. This planted a seed of anti-Austrian sentiment in Frederick; he believed that Austria, long Prussia’s rival for influence in the crumbling Holy Roman Empire, was meddlesome and dangerous. This attitude would prove to have long-lasting  implications for the future of Germany and Europe. King in Prussia and Military Successes Frederick assumed the throne in 1740 after the death of his father. He was officially known as King in Prussia, not King of Prussia, because he only inherited a portion of what was traditionally known as Prussia- the lands and titles he assumed in 1740 were actually a series of small areas often separated by large areas not under his control. Over the next thirty-two years, Frederick would use the military prowess of the Prussian Army and his own strategic and political genius to reclaim the entirely of Prussia, finally declaring himself King of Prussia in 1772 after decades of warfare. Frederick inherited an army that was not only large, it had also been shaped into the premier fighting force in Europe at the time by his military-minded father. With the goal of a united Prussia, Frederick lost little time plunging Europe into war. War of the Austrian Succession. Frederick’s first move was to challenge the ascension of Maria Theresa as the head of the House of Hapsburg, including the title of Holy Roman Empress. Despite being female and thus traditionally ineligible for the position, Maria Theresa’s legal claims were rooted in legal work laid down by her father, who was determined to keep the Hapsburg lands and power in the family hands. Frederick refused to acknowledge Maria Theresa’s legitimacy, and used this as an excuse to occupy the province of Silesia. He had a minor claim to the province, but it was officially Austrian. With France as a powerful ally, Frederick fought for the next five years, using his well-trained professional army brilliantly and defeating the Austrians in 1745, securing his claim to Silesia. The Seven Years War. In 1756 Frederick once again surprised the world with his  occupation of Saxony, which was officially neutral. Frederick acted in response to a political environment that saw many of the European powers arrayed against him; he suspected his enemies would move against him and so acted first, but miscalculated and was nearly destroyed. He managed to fight the Austrians well enough to force a peace treaty that returned the borders to their 1756 status. Although Frederick had failed to retain Saxony, he did hold onto Silesia, which was remarkable considering he’d come very close to losing the war outright. Partition of Poland. Frederick had a low opinion of the Polish people and wished to take Poland for himself in order to exploit it economically, with the ultimate goal of driving out the Polish people and replacing them with Prussians. Over the course of several wars, Frederick used propaganda, military victories, and diplomacy to eventually seize large portions of Poland, expanding and linking his holdings and increasing Prussian influence and power. Spirituality, Sexuality, Artistry, and Racism Frederick was almost certainly gay, and, remarkably, was very open about his sexuality after his ascension to the throne, retreating to his estate in Potsdam where he conducted several affairs with male officers and his own valet, writing erotic poetry celebrating the male form and commissioning many sculptures and other works of art with distinct homoerotic themes. Although officially pious and supportive of religion (and tolerant, allowing a Catholic church to be built in officially protestant Berlin in the 1740s), Frederick was privately dismissive of all religion, referring to Christianity in general as an â€Å"odd metaphysical fiction.† He was also almost shockingly racist, especially towards the Poles, who he regarded as almost subhuman and undeserving of respect, referring to them privately as â€Å"trash,† â€Å"vile,† and â€Å"dirty.† A man of many facets, Frederick was also a supporter of the arts, commissioning buildings, paintings, literature, and music. He played the flute extremely well and composed many pieces for that instrument, and wrote voluminously in French, despising the German language and preferring French for his artistic expressions. A devotee of the principles of the Enlightenment, Frederick attempted to portray himself as a benevolent tyrant, a man who brooked no argument with his authority but who could be relied on to better the lives of his people. Despite believing German culture in general to be inferior to that of France or Italy, he worked to elevate  it, establishing a German Royal Society to promote German language and culture, and under his rule Berlin became a major cultural center of Europe. Death and Legacy Although most often remembered as a warrior, Frederick actually lost more battles than he won, and was often saved by political events outside his control- and the unparalleled excellence of the Prussian Army. While he was undoubtedly brilliant as a tactician and strategist, his main impact in military terms was the transformation of the Prussian Army into an outsize force that should have been beyond the capability of Prussia to support due to its relatively small size. It was often said that instead of Prussia being a country with an army, it was an army with a country; by the end of his reign Prussian society was largely dedicated to staffing, supplying, and training the army. Frederick’s military successes and expansion of Prussian power led indirectly to the establishment of the German Empire in the late 19th century (through the efforts of Otto von Bismarck), and thus in some ways to the two World Wars and the rise of Nazi Germany. Without Frederick, Germany might never have become a world power. Frederick was as transformative of Prussian society as he was the military and Europe’s borders. He reformed the government along a model based on King Louis XIV of France, with power centered on himself while he stayed away from the capital. He codified and modernized the legal system, promoted freedom of the press and religious tolerance, and was an icon of the same Enlightenment principles that inspired the American Revolution. He is remembered today as a brilliant leader who promoted modern concepts of the rights of citizens while exercising old-fashioned autocratic power in a form of â€Å"enlightened despotism.† Sources ​Domà ­nguez, M. (2017, March). What’s So Great About Frederick? The Warrior King of Prussia. Retrieved March 29, 2018.Mansel, P. (2015, October 3). Atheist and gay, Frederick the Great was more radical than most leaders today. Retrieved March 29, 2018.How keeping it in the family spelled the end of the line for the Hapsburg royal dynasty. (2009, April 15). Retrieved March 15, 2018.Frederick William I of Prussia, The Soldier King | About ... (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2018.â€Å"Frederick William II of Prussia.†Ã‚  Wikipedia.

Factsheet drybulk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Factsheet drybulk - Essay Example There will be huge demand and supply for the dry bulk as long as the buyer ships the products and commodities from one place to the other. However, due to increase in the price of the commodities, the present market position stands at a lower level. The main reasons are lower market expectations, lower demand for the cargo supply, critical conditions of market life cycle and declining fleet growth. The company needs to control its existing strengths in shipping and attempt to expand its markets to the major areas such as South Asia and North America, to gain a wider area of operation. Dry bulk market may have higher rates in the future. Temporary rise in rates also seems possible during the year. While world trade is likely to increase at a reasonable rate in 2012 as well as 2013, the amount of new capacity will consume high rates towards operating expenses. â€Å"Emerging markets such as India and China are likely to be key to the success of Farstad. As they are the growth markets for any new company, so further addition to the company’s top line would be dependent on its efforts to exploit the trade routes emanating from these countries† (Abhishek, n.d.). â€Å"Capesize, Panamax, Handymax and Handy size† (Segments, 2012). Capesize is used to transport iron ore and coal. Panamax can carry grain, coal and bauxite. Small shipments such as sugar and other commodities are carried by Handymax and Handy size. Capesize is the largest vessel and Handy size is the smallest vessel out of the four vessels in the dry bulk segment. The Outlook for the Dry Bulk †¦ Italian Style, (2012). 8th Mare Forum Italy 2012, Sorrento. Braemar Seascope Research. Retrieved from

Financial Ratio Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Ratio Analysis Report - Essay Example Analysis and interpretation of financial statements helps to evaluate the financial position and performance of an enterprise. "GM generated record third quarter automotive revenue of $43.1 billion. The company also achieved record global third quarter sales of 2.39 million cars and trucks, up four percent compared to the third quarter 2006, driven by exceptionally strong demand in emerging markets and improved performance in developed markets. GM also set a number of third quarter sales records around the globe, including a 22 percent increase in GMLAAM, 16 percent increase in the GMAP region, and 15 percent gain in GME." (GM Reports third quarter financial results, 2007). Analysis of Fundamental Ratios and Trends Ratio analysis is one of the important tools used to develop and interpret the financial statements of a business entity. Ratios measure the efficiency of operation of a business unit. Moreover, it also helps to analyze the financial strength or weakness of a business entity. The economic growth of the company is steady and stable. Like all other areas, the company is highly concentrating in the area of accounting and finance also. Similarly, a well defined plan is maintained by the company for protecting its quantum of stock:- Ge1. Maintain control over the entire amount of raw material obtained from the suppliers. 2. Utilize these quantum of raw materials for the production of goods with appropriate control and without making any wastage. 3. After making the delivery of finished goods, company tries to restore the balance of material/ inventory for further process. General Motors, a leading automobile manufacturer is following a systematic procedure for evaluating the financial performance of the entity. The major ratios are being calculated by GM for the analysis and interpretation of financial measurement are current ratio, quick ratio, asset turn over ratio, inventory turn over ratio etc. Therefore, the fundamental accounting ratios of GM are depicted below- Estimated Financial Ratios of General Motors a. . Liquidity Ratios: 1. Current Ratio = Current Assets = $1,000 Current Liabilities$310= 3.2 times. 2) Quick ratio= Quick Assets/ Current liabilities= $385/ $310 = 1.2 times. b) Leverage Ratios- 1) Debt ratio= Total Debt/ Total Assets=$1,064/$2,000= 53.2% 2) Debt to Net worth ratio= Total Debt/ Tangible Net Worth= $1,064/$2250= 47.29%. c) Operating ratios- 1) Net sales to Total Assets= Net Sales/ Total Assets=$3,000/$2,000= 1.5 times. 2) Gross profit ratio= Gross profit/ sales= 1,500/3,000= 50% d) Profitability ratios: 1) Basic Earning Power-(BEP) = EBIT/Total Assets= $283.8/ $2,000= 14.2% 2) Return On Total Assets (ROA) = Net income to stock holders/ Total Assets= $113.5/ $2,000= 5.7% 3) Price Earning Ratio (PE) = Price per share/ Earnings per share= $23/2.27= 10.1 times. 4) Market ratio= Common Equity/ Shares out standing= $896/ 50= $17.92 5) Return On Common Equity (ROE) = Net income to

Professional Development Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Professional Development Plan - Research Paper Example This paper will create a professional development plan for a teacher who is committed to creating an academically and culturally diverse classroom. It will also include a timetable for meeting the goals and a thorough explanation of how the goals will be met. Finally, the paper will address any obstacles that might hinder an educator from reaching the goals and what the educator will do to overcome them. Professional Development Plan (Sample) Name: Will Smith Background/Teaching Context Classes You Teach: 11th and 8th Grade Mathematics, 8th Grade Physics and 6th Grade Web Design. Describe Your Classroom Population: I teach at an independent K-12 school, in a middle school, in the urban California community. Even though, the school is independent, the mathematics and science curriculums strive to reflect the state and national standards. For this reason, the school only incorporates students who do not do well academically. Describe Your Classroom and Students: My Classroom is approxi mately 11 by 8 meters with 20 desks all occupied. However, the classroom is filled with white students who do not do well academically. Teaching Philosophy: My teaching philosophy focuses on identifying the unique values of every student. Each learner should bring unique preferences, experiences, knowledge and skills to the table. My goal as an educator is to create an academically and culturally diverse classroom where learners feel free to interact and mingle with others. They should also ask questions freely to and take part in activities and discussions. We are all mathematicians and scientists. Everyday people observer and gather data or information to solve them so that they could make sense in their lives (Stiles & Mundry, 2009). Mathematics and science are, therefore, significant subjects in students’ lives. Discipline Knowledge Areas of Strength 1. Mathematics: My Bachelor’s Degree is in Mathematics. I tend to be incredibly strong in mathematical concepts, whi ch apply to the daily reasoning of someone’s life. 2. Physics: I also hold a Masters degree in Physics. I grew up loving physics and took it as a Masters course after completing my Mathematics Degree. Areas of Improvement 1. Biology: Biology is an area I struggle with. I only took basic classes, in biology, while in high school, but dropped it after the main course selection. I have been urged a couple of times that I need to understand biology in order to understand the way people function, but I consider this more of a psychological matter than biology. 2. Communication skills. Even though, I consider the way I communicate, with others, to be fair enough, it is always essential to do the best in everything. Goals and Objectives 1. Mindset, Learning and Environment Differentiation: My goal is to set up a classroom for students with different mindsets academically. This means that the class will comprise of students who either want to be scientists, musicians, journalists, or any other job. The classroom should also incorporate students who view academics as a tool that opens their minds instead of just a career tool. My second goal is to create an environment, which includes students from diverse cultures instead of the usual white community. I seek to create an integrated classroom to support the integrated missions of

Mens Rea An Enormous Aspect Of Criminal Law Philosophy Essay

Mens Rea An Enormous Aspect Of Criminal Law Philosophy Essay Mens Rea is an enormous aspect of criminal law. Is the mental element that beseeched by the definition of a circumstantial crime and it encompass three degrees: intention, recklessness and negligence. The most reprehensible form of mens rea is intention, as it is more censurable to cause harm premeditatedly and additionally is used in more crucial offences such as murder which demands intention to kill or to engender Grevious Bodily Harm. A part of analysts considered negligence as the third degree of mens rea, as it refers to a failure to acknowledge the dangers. Hence, it will be evaluated as a distinctive guideline of blame as it mentions to the absence of a state of mind. Notwithstanding, mens rea is engaged with the appellants state of mind at the time of the actus reus, which covers everything except of the defendants state of mind, as it often illustrates the guilty act. Conjointly, the doctrine of transferred malice, appoint liability to the defendant of an offence if he has the appropriate intention and accomplished the actus reus on a different person than the intended. 0n this wise, in Latimer  [1]  , the defendant attempted to blow at one person but he missed and crashed one other, thus the doctrine of transferred malice exists, as the mens rea is the same. Consequently, in order for a criminal liability to subsist, the actus reus and the mens rea must coincide. Obviously mens rea associates with serious crimes such as homicide, theft and burglary, which have a wide range of elements in order to recognise the intention of the defendant. Homicide is an enormous aspect of criminal law which includes all the unlawful killings. The main categories of them are murder and manslaughter. All the homicide offences have a common actus reus, the unlawful killing. If the defendant has the mens rea for the murder, then the prima facie liability for the murder starts to exist. At this stage the jury has to consider if the defendant has the defence of provocation or diminished responsibility. If he has so, then he is liable of voluntary manslaughter, but if he has not, then he is liable for murder. On the other hand, if the defendant does not have the appropriate intention for murder, then he is convicted with involuntary manslaughter. As reported to section 1 of the Homicide Act killing shall not amount to murder unless done with malice aforethought  [2]  , which was illustrated in Cunningham  [3]  , as express and implied malice. Express malice divided into two sections, direct and oblique malice. Direct malice, is an un interrupted intention to kill someone and oblique malice, is not the prime purpose of the defendant. He has no intention to cause death but nevertheless, as a result of his actions, the victim died. Hence, if the jury has satisfied that at the time when the defendant recognised that fatal consequences would be virtually certain to result from his actions, then there is an intention to kill even thought there is no actual desire to achieve that result. In Woolin  [4]  , the defendant had thrown his baby causing him to die. Woolin did not intent to kill his baby, but he could foresight that his actions was about to cause the death of the baby. Moreover, another aspect of malice aforethought is implied malice. This indicates that, the defendants main intention is to cause GBH but as a result of his actions, the victim dies. In consonance with section 8  [5]  , the jury has to consider all the evidence, before adjudicated that the defendant is guilty of murder, and not only if he intended or foresaw a result of actions as a natural and probable consequence. In other words, the jury has to consider only the appellants subjective state of mind. According to this section, a jury has the opportunity to conclude about the mental state of the accused from the objective view of the reasonable man and if they decided that a reasonable man would intended to cause death or serious injury, then they will be persuaded that the defendant did. In Moloney  [6]  , the jury could argue that the defendant foresaw the consequences of his actions as a natural consequence, so he is liable for the death of the victim even if he did not wish or desire to kill him. On the other hand, if the accused did not have the intention to kill or to cause serious injury, as happened in Hancock and Shankland  [7]  , then the co nvictions of murder overturned to those of manslaughter. This is able to happen only if death was not a natural consequence but a probability. As it was stated in Nedrick  [8]  , the evidence of foresight is intention evidence. The judges directed the jury to consider if the death was intended, as natural consequence becomes virtual certainty, as I mentioned above. Apparently, as the mens rea in murder is intention to kill or to cause GBH, under the Homicide Act  [9]  there are three defences which decrease liability from murder to voluntary manslaughter. These defences are provocation, diminished responsibility and suicide pact. If the appellant is liable for murder, meaning that he has the appropriate elements of actus reus and mens rea, and he can rely on one of the above defences, then he is liable for manslaughter. Under section 3  [10]  , a person who charged with murder, was provoked by things said or done or both, to lose his self-control. Pursuant to this the jury has to indentify if the defendant actually provoked to act and whether a reasonable person would be provoked to act as the defendant did. Section 2  [11]  , illustrates the defence of diminished responsibility, where a person cannot convicted of murder if he suffers from an abnormality of mind, as this disorder invalidated his mental responsibility of what he is d oing. Additionally, section 4  [12]  demonstrates the defence of suicide pacts. The defendant kills the victim if there is a common agreement between two or more parties and the object of that agreement is death. This indicate that if a person convicted with murder, then if he has the appropriate proof that he was acting under a suicide pact then he would be liable for manslaughter. In some cases manslaughter can be caused due to negligent actions of the defendant, as he has a duty of care towards the victim. If he failed to perform his duty then he is in a breach of duty and that may cause the death of the victim. In Adomako  [13]  , the breach of that duty caused the death of the victim. I think that people who have duty of care towards others, must be able to recognise if there is a possibility for a death and try to avoid it. Pursuant to the Theft Act 1968, a person is guilty of theft if he dishonest appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it  [14]  . Conspicuously, there are two essential features of mens rea in theft, dishonesty and the intention of permanently depriving. Dishonesty is the first element of the mens rea in theft and as it construes in section 2(1) of the Theft Act a person cannot be dishonest if he has the presumption that he has the right in law to deprive the other of the property. Additionally, he cannot be dishonest if the embezzlement accomplished in the belief that the others would acquiesce if they have the knowledge of the stealing and if there is an authentic belief that the owner of the property would not be able to detect it by taking reasonable steps. On the contrary, as it reported to section 2(2)  [15]  , a person can be found liable for dishonest if he misappropriates the property of someone else, in spite of his desire to pay for the property. In consonance with Feely  [16]  , the plaintiff apprehended that his action was dishonest and he said that he has the intention to repay for the stealing. Under those circumstances, the jury has to make a determination whether the facts of dishonesty coexist with the standards of the ordinary decent person. As a result, the Court of Appeal, in the case of Ghosh  [17]  , conceived a test so that to be able to recognise if the appellants behaviour considers as dishonest according to the standards of ordinary decent people. If it was not then he is not dishonest. Howbeit, if his behaviour was acknowledged to be dishonest, then the defendant is not dishonest unless he comprehended that people would regard him as dishonest. Although the crucial ambition of that test was to authorize that dishonestys appraisement could be based on objective and subjective archetypes, it does not abolish the capability between the juries to be inconsistence. Indubitably, if the defendant did not find dishonest, then there is no theft. Intention to permanently deprive is the second element of mens rea in theft. In agreement with section 6(1)  [18]  , if a person borrows property which belongs to someone else, then he is not liable for theft. Nevertheless, if he decides to keep the borrowed property, then this situation would be considered as theft, as it stated in Walkington  [19]  , in which the defendant took the property with the intention to decide later whether to keep it or not. In Easom  [20]  , the defendant had a conditional intention to steal if he found something precious. Besides, this was not adequate to adjudge him of theft. In Lloyd  [21]  , the defendant has the intention to treat the property of the true owner as it his own and to deprive the owner of his rights to his property. As Lord Lane stated a mere borrowing is never enough to constitute the necessary guilty mind unless the intention is to return t he thing in such a changed state that it can truly be said that all its goodness or virtue has gone  [22]  . Supplementary, burglary is a serious offence which encompasses mens rea. Under section 9(1)(a)  [23]  , a person is guilty of burglary if he enters into a building or part of it as an invader, with intention to steal, commit GBH or cause criminal damage. Moreover, section 9(1)(b), specific the offences. Keep in line with section 9(1)(a), the defendant at the time of entering into a building must have the appropriate constituent of mens rea, to have the knowledge that his entry is not permitted. In Cunningham  [24]  , in order to recognise if a defendant considered himself as a trespasser, a subjective test has been taken. On the contrary, if a person enters into a building with permission, then the doctrine of trespass ab initio takes effect. As the entry has to be unlawful, this principle does not match the offence of burglary. In Collins  [25]  , the defendants conviction for burglary, with intent to rape, was revoke as the Court of Appeal cannot be sure that the defend ant has the appropriate knowledge that his entrance is unlawful and as it stated, the entry has to be substantial and effective. Accompanying, in ulterior offences, the mens rea has to be acknowledged either in trespass with intention or in trespass which is caused recklessness. However, as Laing  [26]  validates, trespass is one of the features of burglary. In that case the defendant entered into a shop, after closing time, but he had not stolen anything and also he had no intention to do so. As is obvious, trespass is an element of burglary but in order for someone to be charged with burglary, he must have the other essential elements of the offence such as intention. The only thing that is required in order to convict someone of stealing is intention. Besides, in some cases the conditional intention is seated. Before 1979 as is illustrated in Husseyn  [27]  , conditional intention was not adequate, as the defendant did not have the intention to steal unless he found something precious. Afterwards, in consonance with Attorney Genarals References  [28]  , conditional intent will be satisfied, as the only thing that required is intention even if there is nothing worth in the building to steal.