Historical SAT Test Dates for 2014, 2013 and More

Chronicled SAT Test Dates for 2014, 2013 and the sky is the limit from there SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Chronicled test dates for the SAT are significant for some exact records. In any case, the College Board now doesn't keep up a simple database of SAT dates for 2014, 2013, 2012, 20, etc. We at PrepScholar have accomplished the difficult work to uncover the old records. See beneath! Note: in the event that you are searching for future SAT test dates rather, look here! School Year of 2014-2015 The hotspot during the current year was Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct , 2014 Sep 12, 2014 Sep 26, 2014 Nov 1, 2014 Oct 3, 2014 Oct 17, 2014 Dec 6, 2014 Nov 7, 2014 Nov 21, 2014 Jan 24, 2015 Dec 26, 2014 Jan 9, 2015 Blemish 7, 2015 Feb 6, 2015 Feb 20, 2015 May 2, 2015 Apr 3, 2015 Apr 17, 2015 Jun 6, 2015 May 8, 2015 May 22, 2015 School Year of 2013-2014 The hotspot during the current year was Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct 5, 2013 Sep 6, 2013 Sep 20, 2013 Nov 2, 2013 Oct 4, 2013 Oct 18, 2013 Dec 7, 2013 Nov 8, 2013 Nov 22, 2013 Jan 25, 2014 Dec 27, 2013 Jan 10, 2014 Blemish 8, 2014 Feb 7, 2014 Feb 21, 2014 May 3, 2014 Apr 4, 2014 Apr 18, 2014 Jun 7, 2014 May 9, 2014 May 23, 2014 More Years Below! Discovered this article helpful? Get significantly increasingly accommodating data with our Free SAT digital book! School Year of 2012-2013 The hotspot during the current year was Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct 6, 2012 Sep 7, 2012 Sep 21, 2012 Nov 3, 2012 Oct 4, 2012 Oct 19, 2012 Dec 1, 2012 Nov 1, 2012 Nov 16, 2012 Jan 26, 2013 Dec 28, 2012 Jan , 2013 Blemish 9, 2013 Feb 8, 2013 Feb 22, 2013 May 4, 2013 Apr 5, 2013 Apr 19, 2013 Jun 1, 2013 May 2, 2013 May 17, 2013 School Year of 20-2012 The hotspot during the current year was a believed institutional source optionally dependent on Official College Board information. Test Date Ordinary Reg Late Reg Oct 1, 20 Sep 9, 20 Sep 21, 20 Nov 5, 20 Oct 7, 20 Oct 21, 20 Dec 3, 20 Nov 8, 20 Nov 20, 20 Jan 28, 2012 Dec 30, 2012 Jan 13, 2012 Blemish 10, 2012 Feb 10, 2012 Feb 24, 2012 May 5, 2012 Apr 6, 2012 Apr 20, 2012 Jun 2, 2012 May 8, 2012 May 22, 2012 School Year of 2010-20 The hotspot during the current year was a believed institutional source optionally dependent on Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct 9, 2010 Sep 10, 2010 Sep 24, 2010 Nov 6, 2010 Oct 8, 2010 Oct 22, 2010 Dec 4, 2010 Nov 5, 2010 Nov 19, 2010 Jan 22, 20 Dec 23, 20 Jan 7, 20 Blemish 12, 20 Feb , 20 Feb 25, 20 May 7, 20 Apr 8, 20 Apr 22, 20 Jun 4, 20 May 6, 20 May 20, 20 School Year of 2009-2010 The hotspot during the current year was a confided in auxiliary school institutional source optionally dependent on Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct 10, 2009 Sep 9, 2009 Sep 23, 2009 Nov 7, 2009 Oct 1, 2009 Oct 15, 2009 Dec 5, 2009 Oct 30, 2009 Nov 12, 2009 Jan 23, 2010 Dec 15, 2009 Dec 30, 2009 Blemish 13, 2010 Feb 4, 2010 Feb 18, 2010 May 1, 2010 Blemish 25, 2010 Apr 8, 2010 Jun 5, 2010 Apr 29, 2010 May 13, 2010 School Year of 2008-2009 The hotspot during the current year was a believed university institutional source optionally dependent on Official College Board information. Test Date Typical Reg Late Reg Oct 4, 2008 Sep 9, 2008 Sep 16, 2008 Nov 1, 2008 Sep 26, 2008 Oct 10, 2008 Dec 6, 2008 Nov 5, 2008 Nov 18, 2008 Jan 24, 2009 Dec 26, 2008 Jan6, 2009 Blemish 14, 2009 Feb 10, 2009 Feb 24, 2009 May 2, 2009 Blemish 31, 2009 Apr 9, 2009 Jun 6, 2009 May 5, 2009 May 15, 2009 Instructions to Use These SAT Data These authentic test days can assist you with your application, and help you anticipate when future SAT test dates are. In the event that you are intending to take the SAT again and need to improve, buy in to our blog! Discovered this article helpful? Get significantly increasingly supportive with our Free SAT Ebook! Have companions who additionally need assistance with test prep? Offer this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is fellow benefactor of PrepScholar. He scored an ideal score on the SAT and is enthusiastic about offering data yearning for understudies. Fred moved on from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on the most proficient method to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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A Comparison of Corrupt Kings in Shakespeares Henry IV and Richard II

A fruitful government depends upon a steady chief who is worried about the fulfillment of those he manages over. Henry Bolingbroke the IV in Shakespeare's Henry the IV Part I follows a pattern set by his antecedent in Richard II of guilty pleasure and disregard of his realm. These pioneers stress over the chance of losing their realm or their officers to different nobles who were likewise concerned more with acquiring a higher position as opposed to overseeing. The lord should likewise be careful about his own life, something that was once loved and monitored intently by different nobles. Wars once battled for picking up or securing land are dominated by close to home fights battling for the situation of ruler. Henry substantiated himself an amazing and bold pioneer when he commandingly toppled King Richard in spite of the awesome rights offered to him. While this was troublesome to the nation, it created the impression this new pioneer would be effective on account of certainty and military quality. In any case, not long after he got his position, Henry got mindful of the powers pulling the lord away from his obligations. He neglects to either overlook or take out these interruptions and gets assimilated in them rather; It appears to be then that the news of this cook/Brake off our business. (Henry, I, I, 47-48). Lamentably, the lord isn't the just one disregarding the nation. The greater part of the nobles understand their potential for extra force after the seat has been usurped. This infection, known as disregard, spreads through the decision class unnoticed by the perpetrated. John of Gaunt is one of only a handful scarcely any nobles to perceive what the English workers have seen; Tha t England that was wont to vanquish others/Hath made a dishonorable success of itself. (Richard, II, I, 69-70). John of Gaunt sc... ...bination which end up being incomprehensible. Works Cited and Consulted Hairdresser, C.L. Rule and Misrule in Henry IV. William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Blossom, Harold. Richard II, Part One: Bloom's Notes. New York: Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London: Baron's Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Richard II Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Richard II The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV. In The Norten Anthology of English Literature. Eds. M.H. Abrams et all. fifth Ed. New York: Norton, 1987.

MTV

MTV Ive been working with video since CPW wrapped up, generally lamenting our lack of access to Pixars render farm and kicking myself for not putting build Admissions Beowulf cluster* on the To Do list. I ? my MacBook, but let me tell you that HD video is not kind to CPUs. On the plus side, we have great CPW clips on the Class of 2014 site. If you didnt see Dr. Sadoway speak at the Parent Welcome I highly recommend it. It convinced me to start 3.091 (Introduction to Solid State Chemistry) over on OpenCourseWare just because it seems like so much fun (though granted its applications to Web design are limited). Also added to the site is a Webcast Archive section. Right now you can watch the Mollie/Christina and Dr. Essigmann/Sarah webcasts, but one or two more will follow before decision day. Speaking of Monday, I hope weve given you every opportunity to ask questions and discover what MIT is really like. The videos are one way to discover if MIT is where you want to be, but please feel free to send me an email this weekend if you just dont feel comfortable choosing before you get that one last answer. Good luck! BTW, if youre not part of the Class of 2014 please dont feel left out. We have some great webcasts planned for later in the year! Hmmm, I think Im going to need a bigger budget well that or go make friends with a few Course 6ers. * There just arent enough excuses to say Beowulf. Its such a fun word to say.

7 Signs of a Bad Roommate Relationship

Even though college roommate relationships are more likely to be good ones than not-so-good ones, there are always situations where things arent working out for the best. So how can you know when your college roommate situation is officially bad? What are the signs of a bad roommate relationship? 1.Youre Glad When Your Roommate Isnt Around That isnt to say that you arent happy to have some alone time every once in a while; privacy can be hard to find in college, after all. But if you always are looking forward to your roommates absence, there might be a problem. You dont have to be best friends with your roommate, but you probably shouldnt mind when theyre around. 2. Youre Not Speaking to Each Other Unless Absolutely Necessary—If Even Then In some situations, roommates can decide, whether consciously or by default, that not speaking to each other is the best solution. And while this may work for a little while, it definitely wont work long-term. Not speaking to each other is still communicating in a way, and eventually, that kind of Silent Treatment message is going to get expressed in other, even-less-productive ways. 3. You Argue More Often Than Not Conflict is pretty much unavoidable when you live with someone for nearly a year in a situation that constantly has external stresses put upon it (midterms, finances, relationships, etc.). Just like good friends can argue and still be friends, roommates can address and work through conflict without damaging their roommate relationship. Still, if you find yourself arguing more often than not with your roommate, that might be a sign that your relationship has officially soured. 4. Everyone Knows You Dont Like Your Roommate Is it normal for people to have ups and downs with roommates, and to share those ups and downs with friends? Definitely. But if you have had so many issues and conflicts with your roommate that your friends, family, and classmates know about it, then it might be time to consider switching roommates -- or at least look into dealing more directly with your frustrations. 5. Youre Secretly Hoping Things Get Bad Enough That Your Roommate Moves Out   When youre in a situation with conflict, there are often two major choices: fix the conflict, or fix the situation. Ideally, in a college roommate situation, your aim should be to resolve the conflict so that the two of you can get back to living together in a positive, healthy way. If, however, your goal is to have your roommate simply move out (thus changing the situation), things may be worse than you thought. 6. Youre No Longer Making an Effort to Resolve Conflicts or Fix the Situation If youve resigned yourself to having a bad roommate and being in a bad situation, there may be justified reasons for feeling that way. But officially quitting on making an effort to repair—or at least improve— your relationship and/or your situation is never a good sign. 7. All Respect Has Left Your Roommate Relationship Respect in a roommate relationship comes in all forms; you and your roommate should respect each others space, time, things, and relationships—not to mention each other as people. But if things have degenerated to the point where you just dont care or respect anything about your roommate, your situation definitely needs some help.

The Great Gatsby Inverted Archetypes - 1909 Words

Teja Chilukuri English 3IB, Period 1 10-16-14 IB English 3 Individual Oral Presentation The Great Gatsby: Inverted Archetypes Statement of Intent: In this presentation, I intend to explain the use of inverted archetypes in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. What is the author trying to establish by using recurring symbols or motif? How does the use of inverted archetypes throughout the novel help advance the plot, and gain a deeper meaning to what is happening in Gatsby’s life? I. Intro A. An archetype is a â€Å"typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature.† 1. An inverted archetype is an action or situation that contradicts â€Å"universal patterns† 2. Archetypes can be a â€Å"character, a theme, a symbol, or even a setting in a novel† B. There are many objects, things, and places in the world we see and give our own opinions or views on 1. For example when we see fire, we think of something being hot, or giving out energy as it burns 2. Or when it turns dark, we think of something scary and dangerous C. But there are times when these images are inverted, and made to have the opposite meaning. 1. Changes like these are usually made in literature and poetry 2. Authors usually use archetypes to create symbolic meanings or to develop the plot 3. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses inverted archetypes for the characterization of some characters, and for the introduction of new literary devices II. God-DemigodShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 PagesNew Testament, John the Baptists head was presented to King Herod on a platter 5. ambiguity-A statement which can contain two or more meanings. For example, when the oracle at Delphi told Croesus that if he waged war on Cyrus he would destroy a great empire, Croesus thought the oracle meant his enemys empire. In fact, the empire Croesus destroyed by going to war was his own 6. analogy- A comparison of two different things that are alike in some way (see metaphor and simile). Analogy is

Internet Influence on Youth in Egypt and the Arab World Free Essays

? Internet influence on youth in Egypt and the Arab world The Executive Summary The internet is considered as one of the most important and the fastest access to information, and for knowing the latest evolutions in different fields; with a relatively low expense, by comparing it with the other traditional ways, as journals, books and magazines. And with the worldwide increasing diffusion of the internet, and its uses, both, positive and negative, and the appearance of the e-crimes’ era; it became necessary to know the Arab world’s and the Arabic language’s portion from the internet uses, in terms of the number of users, and the bulk of the Arab content on this network, accompanied with the acquaintance of the mechanisms and the ways adopted by the international society, the Arab world, and Egypt in chasing the e-crime and confronting it. This paper aims to discuss the extent of spread of the internet using in Egypt and the Arab world, besides the extent of the e-crimes ‘diffusion in the Egyptian society, and ways of confronting it, in the light of some Arab and foreign countries’ experiments, and also attempting to know the Egyptian youth and the parents’ opinions about the most important positives and negatives of using the internet, trying to put a conception on how can the society confront such negatives and internet crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Influence on Youth in Egypt and the Arab World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study was able to know the positive sides for using the internet, which includes the allowance of information in different fields for internet users, and facilitating reading the world news, and communicating with others in non-traditional ways, through chat rooms ? or e-mail, or other modern ways, which was given by the internet to its users, in addition to the possibility of distance education and training, and also distance working through the internet, which broke the barriers between countries. Despite the above-mentioned advantages of the internet, but it’s not void of – as any modernized technology- faults and negatives, which can be divided into absolute negatives, as using the internet in order to inroad upon others and libel them, and also stealing banks and money laundering crimes, and into relative negatives, which damages differ according to the habits of people and societies, and the prevailing norms in it, beside the extravagance in using the websites of songs, games and chatting, which kill time and isolate the individual from his social surrounding. And about the widespread use of the internet in the Arab world, the study concluded that there is a gap in the proportion of internet users in the Arab world, by comparing it to the global level, where internet users in the Arab world are only 1. 4% of the total internet users in the world in 2005, while the Arab population is 5% of the world’s population. In addition to that, the information content on the Internet does not represent more than 1% of the information content on the Internet. The Internet use in Egypt has started in nineties, and the number of users in 1996/1997 was about 75 thousand user. With the establishment of the Ministry of Communications and Information in 1999 and a result of the efforts made in this area, the number of internet users became 4. 4 million in 2004. How to cite Internet Influence on Youth in Egypt and the Arab World, Essay examples

Role of Strategic Leadership Styles

Question: Discuss about the Role of Strategic Leadership Styles. Answer: Introduction: Leadership indicates a process including tangible and intangible skills. These skills include wisdom, integrity and presence. The leadership can be developed through personal evaluation, insight and desire to go. The leaderships concept indicates the emerging discipline that continues to progress very moment (Burt et al., 2013). Without implementing proper leadership style in the business, the organization would not be able to enhance the business opportunity in an appropriate manner. In this particular assignment, I will illustrate the definition of the leadership in an efficient manner (Yeung et al., 2012). Throughout this assignment, I will structure the reflective essay based on four categories. This particular reflective essay will discuss how my definition of leader has evolved from week one to week nine. Besides this, the particular reflective essay will highlight my learning and understanding on this particular subject. Fourthly, I will critically discuss the about the leader ship development opportunities in the future. On the other hand, I will shed lights on the opportunities for developing the leadership skills throughout my working life. Main body: In this paragraph, I will examine what I have learned about the definition of leadership from week 1 to week 9. At the initial stage, my opinion on the leadership was that the leadership is one of the key factors for executing the business in a systematic manner. Besides this, the leadership facilitates the organization to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. In Week 1 from, Christison Murray et al. (2012), I have learned that the leadership is an organized process that enhances the business opportunities in an effectual manner. Moreover, on that particular week, I was able to learn about the leadership triangle that consists of three individual elements including the leader, followers, and the organizational settings. I have learned from Chuang (2013), the difference between manager and leaders. The managers are responsible for the business execution process, budgeting, and organizing. Moreover, the managers are responsible for the staffing and controlling in the b usiness. On the other hand, the leaders are responsible for establishing the direction in the business. Most of the time, the leaders facilitates the organization to enhance the productivity by simply motivating the employees in the business. According to Ciulla (2013), without motivating the employees, the organizations would not be able to improve their business enhancement process within a short timeframe. Hence, it can be assessed that the leaders play an integral role in improving the workability of the employees. However, initially, I had a belief that the leaders and managers play the same role in the business, and they both are responsible for the enhancement of the business. On the contrary, Drennan, Richey (2012) have argued that the managers and leaders are not the different people, as many managers have the potentiality to become the great leaders. In an organization, both leaders and managers play an integral role in enhancing the business opportunities in an effectual manner. Sometimes, they are dependent on each other. For instances, the leaders convey the messages of the employees or staffs to the higher management. Moreover, Franke Felfe (2012) have highlighted the fact that the leaders can understand the employees requirements in the business. Without understanding the demands of the employee, the organizations would not be able to enhance the workability in an effective manner. On the other hand, the leaders often provide the emotional security to the employees during a hard time in business. Hence, it can be assessed that at the end of a ninth week of study on the leadership, I was able to enhance my knowledge about the particular study. Moreover, it facilitates me to clear my understanding on the different job role of leaders and managers. This paragraph will consist of my learning about the particular subject that would be beneficial for my future work and me. Through the engagement of this study, I have learned about the different beneficial aspects of the particular study. Moreover, it will facilitate me to understand my key area for development. Throughout the classes, I have learned that the leadership not only relies upon a set of skills but also depends on the individual personalities including integrity, courage, enthusiasm and humanity. In the 2nd and 3rd week, I have understood the different leadership approaches including behavioral approach, trait approach, etc. The effective leadership must consist of these approaches so that the outcome of the business can be productive. Besides the effective leadership, I have also learned about the impacts of situational leadership on the business. According to Hancock, Dyk Jones (2012), the leaders have different personal traits including intelligence, honesty, trusti ness, self-confidence, appearance, etc. These personal traits indeed distinguish a leader from others in the organization. () have discussed the five different types of leadership styles including Laissez-Faire, Autocratic, and Participative, transactional and transformational. The autocratic leadership allows the managers to implement some decision in the organization for executing the business in an effective manner. With the involvement of this particular leadership style, the organization would be able to make a close observation on the employees so that they could enhance their individual performance. Johansen (2012) has discussed that the participative leadership style indicates a democratic style of managing a team in the business. In this particular leadership style, the leaders value the decisions of team members. On the other hand, Kalargyrou, Pescosolido Kalargiros (2012) have explained five different sources of power including legitimate power, reward power, coercion or punishment power, and personal power. The transformational leadership style depends on the high level of communication from the management, and this particular style facilitates the organization to meet the goals and objectives of the business (Storey, 2016). Neumann Neumann, E. F. (2013) have identified the fact that the leaders motivate the employees for delivering the high-class performance in the business. Without delivering the enhanced performance, the employees would not be able to enhance the business opportunity of the organization. Hence, in the 5th week, I have learned that the implementation of the leadership style in an organization depends on the goal and objectives of the business. By analyzing the Hersey and Blanchards Situational Theory, I have learned that the leader can adopt any one from four leadership styles including telling, selling, participating and delegating. However, the adoption of the leadership style is based on the combination of relationship and t ask behavior. In the 5th week, I was able to understand the core values and ethical conduct of a leader. The impact of the leaders can be identified through organizational performance. Finally, during the week 7 and week 9, I have learned about the transactional and Laissez-Faire leadership style and its impact on the business performance. Rosenberg, Heimler Morote (2012) have argued that the Laissez-faire leaders often lack the direct supervision of employees. Consequently, it fails to deliver the regular feedbacks to the employees. On the other hand, the managers employing transactional leadership style into the business often receive certain tasks to perform and provide rewards or punishments to the team members based on the individual performance result (Smith Lewis, 2012). After the accomplishment of week 9, I was also able to identify the impact of Hofstedes cultural dimensions explaining the power of distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism or collectivism, masculinit y or femininity and time and relationship. Hence, it can be assessed that the knowledge acquired by me through week 1 to 9 is quite important for me to build my leadership career in future. The particular paragraph will discuss how the class reading, activities, discussion, films and other observations have facilitated me to understand and the leadership concepts into my work experiences. During the 1st week, I have learned the true background of leaders from one of the YouTube videos called Qualities of leadership (2008). According to the video, Leaders do not force people to follow, they invite them on a journey. This particular subject has facilitated to understand the relationship between a leader and his followers. On the other hand, during the discussion at 9th week, I had to analyze the appropriate or existing leadership styles engaging into developed, developing and under-developed country. It was a quite amazing experience for me, as I was able to understand the global leadership process and its background. Moreover, the particular subject has facilitated me in identifying the different factors of the global leadership. By analyzing the particular video, I have understood the fact that paternalistic or the directorial leadership strategies are more applicable to under-developed countries, whereas the directive strategies are applicable for the developing countries. Besides this, the developed countries employ the innovative, creative, participative, entrepreneurial and the charismatic leadership style (Siewiorek et al., 2012). I have understood that the leaders are required to have powerful communication for managing the team in an effectual manner. Without having the enhanced communication skills, the leaders would not be able to make employee understand about their individual job role. Another video of Adolf Hitler (2 012), a powerful leader with strong communication ability has facilitated me in understanding the need of the strong communication skills. Strong communication skills can form both constructive and destructive leadership. In this paragraph, I will discuss where I would be able to access the leadership development opportunities in the future. Moreover, I will discuss that how my study would facilitate me to improve my leadership skills throughout the entire working life. By acquiring the knowledge on the leadership skills and its impacts on the business, I have enhanced my opportunity to develop the future in an effective manner. On the other hand, I have come across through different learning sessions that facilitate in improving my knowledge on the particular subject. First, I will take the leadership training from a professional and experienced individual for developing my leadership skills in an effectual manner. Without taking the professionals advice on the leadership skills, I would not be able to identify my flaws in this particular subject. On the other hand, the mentor plays an integral role in the enhancement of the individual performance (Schoemaker, Krupp Howland, 2013). There are several benefits of hiring a leader. For instance, by involving a mentor, I would be able to understand the process of motivating team members in an effectual manner. On the other hand, the mentor would provide me the enhanced knowledge about gaining negotiate complex contracts benefiting all aspects of the business. I need to set out an annual professional budget for enhancing my leadership career. Although the initial cost will be high, it will provide adequate opportunities to improve my leadership skill in an efficient manner. On the other hand, I would like to take participate in the organizational leadership training programs so that I could improve my knowledge on the leadership. By improving my flaws and learning new things, I would try to be a leader, who would be responsible for taking any challenges at any point in time. Hence, I can assess that my learning experiences would facilitate me in being an effective leader in the business. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the particular reflective essay highlights my knowledge enhancement process on the leadership skills. In this particular assignment, I have provided the detailed discussion on how I accumulate knowledge on the leadership skills throughout 9 weeks of learning session. On the other hand, the particular section has highlighted my understanding on the differentiation between leaders and managers. Besides, this particular reflective essay has discussed about different aspects of the leadership trait. After the accomplishment of the particular study, I was able to identify the challenges of the leaders in the organizations. Moreover, the particular study has provided me adequate knowledge on the different characteristics of the leaders. While studying the different forms of leadership approaches, I identify the democratic or participative leadership approach as one of the best possible solution for achieving organizational goals and objectives. However, other leade rship approaches including Autocratic leadership, transformational and transactional leadership also play integral role in the enhancement process of the business. The implementation of the leadership approaches into the business may differ depending on the objectives of the business. Aside this, I was able to understand the cross-cultural leadership through analyzing Hofstede five dimensions model. Moreover, the particular study has facilitated me in understanding the roles and responsibilities of the leaders belonging to the different culture and geographical location. Finally, it can be assessed that I have acquired adequate knowledge on leadership at the end of the ninth week of my study. References: Burt, I., Patel, S. H., Butler, S. K., Gonzalez, T. (2013). Integrating leadership skills into anger management groups to reduce aggressive behaviors: The LIT model.Journal of Mental Health Counseling,35(2), 124. Christison, M., Murray, D. E. (Eds.). (2012).Leadership in English language education: Theoretical foundations and practical skills for changing times. Routledge. Chuang, S. F. (2013). Essential skills for leadership effectiveness in diverse workplace development.Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development,6(1), 5. Ciulla, J. B. (2013).Leadership ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Drennan, F. S., Richey, D. (2012). Skills-based leadership.Professional safety,57(2), 59. Franke, F., Felfe, J. (2012). Transfer of leadership skills.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Hancock, D., Dyk, P. H., Jones, K. (2012). Adolescent involvement in extracurricular activities: Influences on leadership skills.Journal of Leadership Education,11(1), 84-101. Johansen, R. (2012).Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Kalargyrou, V., Pescosolido, A. T., Kalargiros, E. A. (2012). Leadership skills in management education.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,16(4), 39. Neumann, Y., Neumann, E. F. (2013). The president and the college bottom line: The role of strategic leadership styles.Library Consortium Management: An International Journal. Rosenberg, S., Heimler, R., Morote, E. S. (2012). Basic employability skills: a triangular design approach.Education+ Training,54(1), 7-20. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Siewiorek, A., Saarinen, E., Lainema, T., Lehtinen, E. (2012). Learning leadership skills in a simulated business environment.Computers Education,58(1), 121-135. Smith, W. K., Lewis, M. W. (2012). Leadership skills for managing paradoxes.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(2), 227-231. Storey, J. (Ed.). (2016).Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Yeung, J. H., Ong, G. J., Davies, R. P., Gao, F., Perkins, G. D. (2012). Factors affecting team leadership skills and their relationship with quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Critical care medicine,40(9), 2617-2621.

Language Instinctive Or Learned Essays - American Atheists

Language: Instinctive Or Learned? Language: Instinctive or Learned? Over the course of time the topic of language has been a catalyst for many discussions and debates as to if it is learned throughout ones life, or is it a hard copy instinct the one is born with. Many scientists and writers in the humanities field have their own opinions as to what they believe about language and its plight in human society. One writer challenges many of our educators and scholars today by expressing his thoughts on the instinct to understand, learn, and speak language. In The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language, Steven Pinker maintains that language is not something that we learn like the way we learn how to tell time or learn about the presidents. Rather, Pinker suggests that the essence of language is already with us when we are brought into the world. You see this when Pinker argues, Instead, it is a distinct piece of the biological makeup of our brain(4). He uses metaphors and similes to further qualify his arguments. Pinker compares the idea that people know how to talk in the same sense that spiders know how to spin webs. The activity or practice of spinning webs was not invented by any one spider, but rather is an instinctive quality that spiders have much like humans and language. Pinker goes on to comment that a young childs knowledge of language and grammar is more refined than any artificial language system used by any advanced technology computer aided programs. Pinkers views that he establishes about language are in accordance with other notable figures in the humanities field. A man by the name of Noam Chomsky has views that are representative of the point Pinker is trying to convey: language is a biological makeup of the brain. As a professor of linguistics at MIT, Chomsky imparted sound arguments as to the nature of language. Chomsky has suggested the fact that every sentence that a human speaks or comprehends is an original combination of words that has not been voiced before. Therefore, language is not a learned trait that has an extensive gamut of expressions, but rather the brain must contain a hard drive that can fabricate an unlimited set of sentences from a limited amount of words. He also strongly feels that children are inherently equipped with the ability to cull the syntactic patterns of speech from their parents. We can see this when a young infant begins to babble at the youngest of ages. This furthermore qualifies and repre sents Pinkers views on the idea that language is instinctive. On the other side of the coin, there are those educated people that have different views and opinions about language than Pinker suggests, most of these being elementary and secondary English and grammar teachers. It is their obligation to teach young children and adolescence the proper syntax structure, pronunciation, and spelling of words. So it is only the nature of their profession for these teachers to firmly believe that language, of course, is a learned capacity. Just the way they learn that 2+2=4 and George Washington was the first President of the United States. But Pinker is trying to convince the ignorant that these opinions are wrong and language is not math problem or a history fact that we learn, but a rather an instinctive knowledge. The different views and opinions of the nature language will be discussed for time to come. Can there be some duality to language? Can it be both instinctive and learned, or does it have to be one or the other? It will be interesting to see if these questions can be answered. Maybe then will we see what is the origin of language. Personally, I still do not surely or firmly have a view or a belief to this topic, but I am leaning a certain way. So I leave you with a quote from Oscar Wilde that I read which also appears in Pinkers book. Oscar Wilde comments, Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught. English Essays

Free Essays on Vampire

What occurrence it had been that had sent Victoria so boldly striding through the terrace is now inconceivably forgotten. The trees shook and the energy of decay arose like an ember from hell, for if the energy of decay abides anywhere, it is in the damp cobblestone alleyways of downtown Transylvania on a dim and bitter November morning. Briskly tumbling through the primeval alleyways, the rawness of the morning seemed ruined; the woman absorbed all innocence, and became a terrible porous sponge through which all spirit and sound would penetrate, and her conscience, tense and overflowing with irritation (unless distracted by a nearby self reflection), failed to take notice of any nearby serenity. Occurring by chance, a jagged memory of her childhood; the scathing chastisement from her father’s most recent wife, when Victoria misplaced a pearl necklace she had borrowed in secrecy. The memory chilled her, but vanished before long, and returned to the buried vault that held the rest of her scars, and lay to rest for a temporary respite. Still an hour would linger before her meeting at the chapel, and what could she do? Sit on a secluded bench? Stop in a nearby bakery with the pretense of hunger? Certainly this would be considered ordinary for the villagers; the ice casually defrosted as the plaza began to illuminate under the gradually looming sun, so that the overwhelming glow relaxed the tension in the surroundings, but left Victoria distant, as she pulled her cloak’s hood up over her head. Surely others had noticed the stirring new atmosphere, for men and women began to emerge from the aged structures of stonework and masonry, which were snugly fixed around the looming open plaza, and welcomed the sunlight by visiting the bakery and taking claim to the benches encircling the square; there was no yearning to do either. It proved satisfying to watch the parishioners assemble themselves outside of the chapel, her eventual des... Free Essays on Vampire Free Essays on Vampire What occurrence it had been that had sent Victoria so boldly striding through the terrace is now inconceivably forgotten. The trees shook and the energy of decay arose like an ember from hell, for if the energy of decay abides anywhere, it is in the damp cobblestone alleyways of downtown Transylvania on a dim and bitter November morning. Briskly tumbling through the primeval alleyways, the rawness of the morning seemed ruined; the woman absorbed all innocence, and became a terrible porous sponge through which all spirit and sound would penetrate, and her conscience, tense and overflowing with irritation (unless distracted by a nearby self reflection), failed to take notice of any nearby serenity. Occurring by chance, a jagged memory of her childhood; the scathing chastisement from her father’s most recent wife, when Victoria misplaced a pearl necklace she had borrowed in secrecy. The memory chilled her, but vanished before long, and returned to the buried vault that held the rest of her scars, and lay to rest for a temporary respite. Still an hour would linger before her meeting at the chapel, and what could she do? Sit on a secluded bench? Stop in a nearby bakery with the pretense of hunger? Certainly this would be considered ordinary for the villagers; the ice casually defrosted as the plaza began to illuminate under the gradually looming sun, so that the overwhelming glow relaxed the tension in the surroundings, but left Victoria distant, as she pulled her cloak’s hood up over her head. Surely others had noticed the stirring new atmosphere, for men and women began to emerge from the aged structures of stonework and masonry, which were snugly fixed around the looming open plaza, and welcomed the sunlight by visiting the bakery and taking claim to the benches encircling the square; there was no yearning to do either. It proved satisfying to watch the parishioners assemble themselves outside of the chapel, her eventual des...

Importance of Being a Learned Person in a 21st Century Socioeconomic Essay

Importance of Being a Learned Person in a 21st Century Socioeconomic Society - Essay Example an society today, it has become the culture to work for a salary to pay for the expenses of living and the increasing unemployment rates in the country, however means that there is going to be a lot of hardship for the unemployed individuals, and their families. Most of the people who end up being unemployed are those who have not gone to college and therefore cannot be considered to be learned. This has created a situation where whenever there are any economic problems, then these people do not have the necessary skills either to move to another sector of the economy, or move into another country where there are more opportunities for their own advancement. Being a learned person is a fact which ensures that an individual has the best options in life since they can be able to have flexibility not only within their societies, but also at the international level (Boardman and Sandomir 36). There have developed quite a number of reasons why there is a high unemployment rate in the coun try and most of these are related to the low number of individuals who can be considered to be learned. In many instances, this comes as a surprise and people are hardly ever prepared for them and when these newly unemployed individuals attempt to get other jobs, their potential employers are often exceedingly wary because of the fact that they do not meet the necessary academic qualifications to take on new jobs when their previous ones come to an end (Dash 10). Another cause of the high rates of unemployment in the United States are instances where individuals get laid off their work because their positions are no longer needed by their employers and this is largely because of the introduction of new technology and without the necessary skills that can only be acquired from a good... This essay specifies numerous advantages, that obtainment of quality education brings to a person`s life. In the modern world, one of the most important aspects that define individuals is based on the level of education that an individual has achieved and because of this, many individuals often strive to achieve academic excellence. Education is a basic human right that nobody in the whole world should be denied and it is necessary for it to be made universal. Education is necessary when dealing with almost all aspects of life, because individuals have to make the most educated decisions about all that they do. It is a well known fact that people have to study to a certain level in order to get the kind of job that is equivalent to that level of education. Quite a number of individuals all over the world, however, tend to start businesses without having to study. Most of the people who end up being unemployed are those who have not gone to college and therefore cannot be considered to be learned. In fact, an individuals who is learned can be able to work anywhere in the entire world as their knowledge and skills are universal and can be used by many different countries. The importance of individuals being learned has to be taken seriously because this is the only way through which they can be able to survive in an increasingly globalised world. Individuals, who acquire an education, are the best suited to succeed in the current world, because being learned ensure the breaking of all the possible constraints

Process Analysis In Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Analysis In Software Engineering - Essay Example There are various goals of process analysis. One of the goals of process analysis is to understand the processes that are run in these processes. It is good to understand the processes that are run in a system. This will give a clear working relationship and will enable one to update the system with ease. Another goal of process analysis is to be able to understand the relationships that exist between processes and their associated activities. This will enable the system analyst to understand the process that is being analyzed to the various processes that are integrated in the software that is being developed. The last goal of a process analysis is that of relating the specific process that is found in a system with a process that is found in another part of the organization. This will help to analyze the processes and know which one is optimized and perform a better than the other one. This will help in undertaking an analysis of the performance of the processes in the various depa rtments and parts of an organization (Patten, G. Larry, 2007). When one undertakes a process analysis, what they are doing is that they want to know about the process and undertake the necessary corrections that will improve on the inefficiencies that have been found in the program (Kerzner, 2003). It is important to know how the program works in the system. In the agile method of undertaking process analysis which is: Exploration phase This is the phase where the different requirements of the user will be translated to different tasks that are to be performed by the user. These tasks are then noted done on task cards. Commitment phase This is the stage where the tasks that have been identified are given to different programmers. The programmers are also given the approximate time when the tasks will be required to end. Steering phase This is the stage where tasks are undertaken and then the user story and the products are compared to see if there is an outcome. There are tools that are used in the undertaking. One of the procedures that are used is that of process mapping. With this, it is possible to analyze a process and know what is required and how information flows between them. Process mapping tools include Flowcharts. These are used to analysis the flow of information in the system. This is an important tool that is commonly used to analyze a process. It brings out the issues that are associated with the various processes. References Kerzner, H., 2003. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 8th ed. New York: Wiley. Patten, G. Larry. 2007. Strategic Organization Development. AuthorHouse. Question 2 There are various processes metrics that are mentioned in the text. The three metrics that are mentioned include the time that a process takes to be completed. This is an important issue that should be taken into consideration. Another process metric that will be considered is that of the resources that should be used in undertaking a particular process. The last metric is that of the number of occurrences that have been experienced in a particular process(Sprankle, & Hubbard, l 2008). The time that is taken for a given process to undertake a given task is very important. The time that a process takes can be evaluated based on the time that a particular process has been assigned to operate. This process measurement metric can be used to gauge whether a process has improved the efficiency of a particular process. In a normal system development, there are various paints that are considered when developing the processes. These points could include collecting system requirements, the development

Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies

Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness and Remedies ArJun Sree Raman Title of the study Redundancy in New Zealand: Procedural Fairness, Substantive Grounds, and Remedies. Introduction Redundancy has become a normal part of organizational life, researchers are predicting that both the rate and the extent of job losses through redundancy are likely to continue well into the twenty first century (e.g. Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a; Cascio, 2002; Dawkins et al., 1999). Generally redundancies within an organisation occur when there is a decline in company revenue and/or work available or the company is looking to restructure and streamline the organisation (Wooden, 1988). In these circumstances the employee may find that their position is surplus to the companys requirements or needs. Therefore, the organisation or employer will announce to the employee or employees affected that their contracts are going to be terminated as their positions will no longer exist. Redundancy in New Zealand    In the New Zealand Employment Law Guide (Rudman, 2014) the Labour Relations Act 1987 defines redundancy as a situation where a workers employment is terminated by the employer, the termination being attributable, wholly or mainly, to the fact that the position filled by that worker is, or will become, superfluous to the needs of the employer. Thus, it is the position itself that is made redundant and the decision to make a position redundant should have nothing to do with the particular employee who is filling that position. Redundancies have to be for genuine commercial reasons and not for any other underlining reasons such as capability or performance issues. Redundancy is acknowledged within New Zealands employment relations system, as it is in many countries. However, in contrast to the majority of foreign jurisdictions, successive governments in New Zealand have decided not to codify the law relating to redundancy and provide definitive protection for employees who face a redundancy situation (Hughes, 2011). Venn (2009) provides a comparison with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, highlighted New Zealands minimal protection for employees in situations involving redundancy. In particular, Venn emphasized New Zealands negligible cover in mass redundancy situations. The following figure clearly depicts the limited protection in correlation to the other OECD countries. Figure 1: Strictness of Employment Protection OECD Countries (Venn, 2009) Effects of Redundancy    From an organizational perspective, the economic outcomes of redundancy are open to debate (Cascio, 1993; Ryan and Macky, 1998) but it is widely recognized that for the individual, redundancy can lead to a wide range of negative outcomes. Redundancy is frequently associated with diminished psychological wellbeing, while long-term unemployment can lead to physiological deterioration (Leana and Ivancevich, 1987). As Wooden (1988) comments: The concern about redundancy stems from the perception that job loss involves substantial economic and psychological costs for the adversely aà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ected worker and his or her family. The worker made redundant must immediately deal with the shock of job loss. For example, redundancy has been found to impact on employees in terms of loss of morale, lowered organizational commitment, withdrawal behaviours such as absenteeism and increased turnover, loss of motivation, mistrust, uncertainty and insecurity (e.g. Brockner, 1988; Brockner, Grover and DeWitt, 1992; Dolan and Belout, 2000; Koslowski et al., 1993; Latack, 1990; ONeill and Lenn, 1995; Worrall, Campbell and Cooper, 2000). Waters (2007) study on voluntary and in-voluntary redundancy shows the different attitudes and thoughts employees are feeling when it comes to redundancy. Redundancy can have serious implications for those it has happened to and can be an extremely difficult time during the entire process. Employees fear for the future and responsibilities they have outside of their working life. Employers should let the remaining employees express their anger or frustration and inform them that it is perfectly normal to express their feelings. Burke (2008) investigates the effects of redundancy during a strong economy and low unemployment rates. Burke says that the number of people experiencing redundancy is surprisingly high. This can come as a shock and be difficult for employees who have been with an employer for a substantial number of years as they are suddenly back in the job market. Looking for a job after so many years of working and competing with thousands of others who have also lost their jobs can be very traumatic. According to Burke, Being made redundant can have similar emotional effects to bereavement. People still see a stigma attached to being made redundant and would feel embarrassed or humiliated about being in the situation. Redundancy also results in a range of negative economic outcomes, including interruption to employment and career paths, loss of income, and potentially à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nancial hardship (particularly where it is followed by an extended period of unemployment). Ewart and Harcourt (2000) assessed the effects of a mass redundancy at a New Zealand airline on a group of 139 ground stewards in August, 1991. Findings show that the ground stewards post-layoff earnings have declined nearly 40% by 1996, from $50-55,000 to $30-35,000. This was a severe decline than that documented in most studies, in which earnings losses of 10 to 20% were more common and 5 to 10% were not unusual. Ewart and Harcourt identified the primary cause to be the non-transferrable highly specific training and work experiences to the airline industry. Furthermore, ground stewards also expressed profound feelings of bitterness post-redundancy as 94% of the respondents thought that the company had handled the dismissals very inappropriately. Those who remain after a period of redundancy are known as the survivors and are often described as suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ering from survivor sickness (Noer, 1993) or survivor syndrome (Appelbaum and Donia, 2001a, 2001b; Brockner, 1988). Noer (1993) deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nes survivor sickness as a term that describes the attitudes, feelings, and perceptions that occur in employees who remain after involuntary staà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ reductions. Survivors may exhibit a range of emotions including fear, insecurity, uncertainty, frustration, resentment, anger, sadness, depression, guilt, unfairness, betrayal and distrust (Noer, 1996). Redundancy impacts further on the individual through changes to the psychological contract. Rousseau (1995) notes that, redundancy and restructuring have imposed on workers employment arrangements they did not choose. She suggests that the psychological contract, which the employee originally accepted, changes as organizations restructure and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nds new ways of doi ng things. In the process of change, jobs are altered but employees do not feel free to renegotiate the contract. Research Questions The research questions proposed below are the fundamental core of this redundancy study. It focuses on factors within the redundancy such as procedural fairness, substantive grounds, and remedy. The research questions are as follows: To what extent do employers follow procedural fairness? To what extent do employers have substantive grounds for redundancy? In situations where employers fail to follow procedural fairness and substantive grounds, what are the remedies offered to the employee? Low budget airlines | Analysis Low budget airlines | Analysis Ryan Air Europes First low budgeted airline. Ryan air was founded in 1985 by the Ryan family head by Tony Ryan. To provide scheduled passenger airline services between Ireland and the UK. Ryan Air Europe first Low-Fares, No-Frills carrier, offer a point to point service to customer that was the first European low-cost Airline in Airline Industry. Ryan Air was a full service conventional airline, with two classes of seating, leasing three different types of Aircraft. Ryan air Airlines is based on the model of southwest airlines. A new management team, led by Michael OLeary. In 1997 company was floated in an IPO on the Dublin Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ. (Gerry Johnson, et al, 2008) Mission statement of Ryan Air: Ryan air will become Europes most money-making airlines through its motto Low-cost- carrier, no- frills services in all market which Ryan air operates. Ryan air Objectives: To establish Ryan air as Europes leading Low-Cost airline through continued improvement and offering of low cost budget price. Ryanair Business Model Ryanair business model is based on Southwest Airlines, the highly successful Texas based operator. However, Ryanair was impacted by the financial difficulties in 1990 which required a complete restructure and new business model is formed. In 1991, CEO Michael OLeary visited US Southwest Airline and extracted their new strategy and business model from Southwests Low Cost leadership model. Ryanairs Low Cost leadership model encompasses a single passenger class, a single type of airplane, a simple fare scheme, unreserved seating, flying to secondary airports, fast turnaround times, no free amenities, minimum baggage allowance, employees working in multiple roles, and generation of ancillary revenue( Baker, 2006). Analysis strengthen and weakness of Ryanair Strength: Strategy of Ryan air is Marketing- strong branding and reputation of product. Ryanairs aggressive pricing strategy makes them different from other Airline companies in Europe. Low costing of tickets due to airport operator deals. A biggest advantage of Ryanair is Reputation as First Biggest Budget Airline in Europes. Main strength given to Ryanair by media through free footage to people from various Controversial issues created in flight and due to the tough decision made by chief executive Michael OLeary. Ryanair collects enormous profit from Ancillary revenues from on-board and online gambling, an in-flight mobile phone service, including non-flight scheduled services and also from Ryanairs website. On time delivery which help customer to reach at their target. In future Ryanair planning to purchase new aircraft with huge capacity for sitting which will generates lots of income as well as new routes for reaching destination much quicker. Ryanair control the fuel and noise emission by purchasing new Environmentally-friendly aircraft. (Sascha Mayer, 2007). If any delays due to climatic condition or technical quandary, then Ryan air Customer Service Desk (CSD) prompt refund is provided to customer. Weakness Employee relations: Ryan airs relationship with employee is Fraught. Extra work load for Pilots. Also provide poor working condition for staff. For example: Banned from charging of mobile phones at work place. Ryan air has been involved in number of labour union disputes. Lack of scales: The Company is small in sizes compared to its competitors. Its competitors, such as British Airways, Lufthansa, Virgin Airlines all these Airlines are large in size and enjoy competitive advantages in financial, technical better human resources. As it was low fare Airlines in-flight Entertainment facilities were not available to passengers. Prone to bad press: Relationship with media is always dreadful for Ryan air. Even it may be the incident of staff sleeping in the air craft or forcing pilots to sign new deal in order to fly new air craft. Every time Ryan air is on head line of media. Blocking Finance: In increasing their passenger Ryan air has block lots of money in purchasing new Boeing in next six year. Long Routes: Instead of main airports choosing Secondary and Regional airports destinations for short haul which much more far-off from passengers destination. For examples, Ryanair uses Frankfurt Hahn, 123 kilometres from Frankfurt; Torp, 100 Kilometres from Oslo; and Charleroi, 60 kilometres from Brussels. Customer service: Services provide to customer by Ryan air cabin crew were not satisfactory. Even breathing spaces for leg were narrow down. STRATEGICS CAPABILITY OF RYANAIR Every company must have adequacy and suitability of the resources and competences for survive and prosper in the market. Henceforth Resources and competences are essential for any organisation. Initially Ryan air started their operations with a team of 25 and a single 15-seat Bandeirante Turbo-prop, flying between Waterford and London (Box.T, et al 2007). In 1986, Ryan air received permission from the Regulatory Authorities to begin flying four flights a day on the Dublin-London route with two 46-seat BAE748 turbo-props, by the end of 1989 Ryan air had six BAC-111 jets and three ATR 42 turbos (Box.T, et al 2007). Now Ryan air is giant player in Budgeted Airlines in Europe with 100 new Boeing 737-800 which flew out 18European base. According to Ryan Air Chief Executive Officer Michael OLeary organisation as place the order of 200 newest Boeing by end of 2009 and required the aircraft delivery by 2012(Robert 2009). Boeing 737 planes used frequently which were replaced with new aircraft , more environmentally- friendly aircraft. Its reduced the average age of fleet by 2.4years. Newer aircraft does not require more crew member. Before 2006 capacity of staff were around 700, in fiscal 2006, employee tally rise by further 700 to 3500 people from different nationalities. Cabin crew were given commission from on board sales i.e. Euro49, 612 which is higher figure than any other leading airlines. Due to a low-cost HR strategy, which includes low costs via wage minimization, union avoidance and employee control, had contributed to making the company highly profitable. In addition, both strategies are similar in that they also include achieving low total costs by increasing operational productivity (Zagelmeyer.S, 2009). Core Competence: A corporate strategies are made with lots of research and development of product and services in todays world. Ryan air have made strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one reason involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes (Haberberg and Rieple 2001). In Ryan air case company focal point is on providing low cost, efficient, frequent connections and subsequently offering no other frills or supporting services on their flights, due to this outcome, Ryan air has no need for the numerous subsidiaries that Aer Lingus own(Peter Kangis, M. Dolores OReilly, 2003). The performance reliability of Ryan air is high for the reason that customer product quality and the airports served, airline product is not delayed because of point to point services due to this check-in is much quicker and less complex than an interline one as well as boarding is quicker because seat choice is greater for earlier passengers at the departure gat e for the reason that it operates from lesser-used non-hub airports the airline encounters less airport congestion than airlines serving major hubs (Barrett S. D. 2004). Ryanair Financial Analysis During the period of 2004 through present, Ryanair has experienced significant growth in sales revenues and net income. Since 2004, sales revenue has grown at a yearly average of 32%, highlighted by a 41% growth from 2006 2007. Net income has experienced a yearly average growth rate of 25%, highlighted by a 51% growth from 2006 2007. While sales revenue continued to increase from 2007 2008, with 33% growth, net income was down from $563M to $559M. This decrease in profits was largely due to the 50% increase in fuel prices during the year. The growth experienced by Ryanair in sales revenue and net income during the period of 2004 2008 (AOL Finance 2008) Portfolio Analysis by BCG Matrix Portfolio of any business is important in order to analyse its market shares and where the business is standing. It can achieve through the BCG Matrix. In Ryanair case, as per the above diagram of BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix Ryanair comes under the cash cow. Cash cow is that section of BCG matrix where market share of any business is high and their growing maturity is low in market. Ryanair being a low-fare airlines in European market have captures the entire market in budgeted airlines. Ryanair have outstanding market share and generate a lot of revenue for the company as well as for investor, but they cannot expand their business. Ryanair is domestic flight within the European territory and accumulate high revenue but cannot expand their airline business from European market due to low cost strategies and short haul. They extract profit from the market and investing as little cash as possible. Critical success factors of Ryanair: Success of any organisation depend upon various factors such as Brand: Brand of Ryanair has been cultivated through constantly providing the same product services to customer. Ryanair brand has been built through their strategies i.e. low budgeted airline in Europe with no frills and sell product on board. Most important part in creating the Ryanair brand is played by the CEO Michael OLeary and international media. Michael hard-hitting decision, autocratic behaviour against employee and competitors and controversial statement- if you want a quiet flight, use another airline. Ryanair is noisy full and always try to sell something ob board. Media always providing free footage to viewer about the incident in flight for example: Ryanair aircraft unhygienic and poor staff morale and cabin crew sleeping on the job. All these incidents have helped the Ryanair to build it brand image in the world market. Location: Ryanair being a low-cost airline, airport used by the Ryanair for landing aircraft were secondary and regional airport destination. For example, Ryanair uses Frankfurt Hahn, 123 kilometres from Frankfurt. During second half of fiscal 2007 Ryanair faces various challenges related to extra capacity and new routes and location. Speed: Ryanair started with fewer flights with the low cost airlines strategies and through these strategies they started capturing the market at a greater speed. Become the world most profitable airline in whole Europe. During March 2006 other airlines started charging for check-in bags due to this passenger were carrying fewer bag probably zero check-in bags which reduced the cost and enhance the speed of aircraft. Technology: Ryanair incorporated its own travel website, www.ryanair.com, for direct sales of tickets over the Internet to avoid fees and commissions associated with travel agents and reservation systems. Ryanair has steadily achieved the most Environmentally- friendly and sustainable by investing in the latest aircraft and technology which reduced 50 per cent less emissions, 45 per cent less fuel burn and 45 per cent lower noise emissions. Ryanairs grown-up Boeing 737-800 aircraft has been replaced with new aircraft which more environmentally-friendly reducing the average age of fleet to 2.5 years. Fuel Emissions:International airlines have been responsible for emitting 2.5%- 3% anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), International Civil Aviation made regulation to reduce the CO2(Scheelhaase J.D, Grimme W.G, 2007). Due to new technology aircraft of Ryanair has reduce fuel emission by 50%. Noise: Ryanair minimised noise pollution through modern technology aircraft and new modified winglet. Waste: All International Airlines generates significant amount of waste mater material through food, packaging, and newspaper distribution. All these item are available free in international airline. Ryanair a low-cost airline with no-frills due to these reason Ryanair is free of from waste. Management Quality: Ryanair management qualities from the success point of view were efficient to carry out the productivity in the organisation, due to the leadership Quality of Michael OLeary. From employees view management were autocratic. Management behaviour towards staff was not acceptable. Thus critical factors such as Brand, Technology and Management Quality play important role in performance of business activity, if any of these factors fail, success fails. Benchmarking Approach of Ryanair: A set of information has been developed by separate indices of benchmarking for different business model. In Ryanair case, Profitability of Ryanair signifies the overall achievement of the business, collection of ancillary revenue from flight is much more than the any other international flight by selling various goods and services on flight. Distribution strategies of Ryanair: The proportion of sale made by Ryanair is through online reservation system and even they promote the Ryanair through web page. Ryanair has set up the four benchmarks which its competitor cannot match their strategies with Ryanair strategies- firstly airport cost per passenger is calculated, secondly they land on secondary and regional airport which offer lower landing fees, thirdly the weighted average number of full service carriers at the airports served and lastly Ryanair has created the monopoly in budgeted airline (Mason k.J, Morrison W.G, 2009). All this factors make the Ryanair airlines are best- in- c lass benchmarking in Europes airlines. Leadership of Ryanair: In todays Airlines business leadership and culture is essential in achieving strong business operation. In Ryanair case, Ryanair was struggling to survive in early 1990 but then after new CEO Michael OLeary. OLeary changed the design of Ryanair in the model of southwest airlines i.e. a low cost airline this strategy worked for Ryanair. Being transformation leadership his clear vision and empowerment are often observed as important element that has changed the view point of Ryanair. In 2006 Ryanair airline received WORLD MOST FAVOURITE AIRLINE. Michael OLeary has served Ryanair for 20 year and makes Ryanair most profitable airline in 2006. In 2005 he was 18th among the Worlds Most Respected Business Leader in financial times. Ryanair comprising over 25 different nationalities this shows culture of Ryanair is diversifying. CONCULSION On the intact Ryanair seem to be following a strategy which works for them. They are obviously aware of their business environment and understand the importance of monitoring it as they took advantage of the opening in the market when they restyled themselves over a decade ago. However they need to be aware that this environment is constantly shifting and evolving and therefore maintaining a close eye on it and being ready to adapt to any changes should be a fundamental part of their strategy. References 1. Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes, Richard Whittington, (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th Ed., Pearson Education, England, accessed via textbook. 2. Sascha Mayer, 2008. Rayanair and its low cost flight in Europe: Marketing Plan. GRIN VERLAG http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2zGFUC9bWX4Cdq=swot+analysis+of+ryanairlr=source=gbs_navlinks_s 3. Box.T, Byus.K, Chris.C, (2007), Ryan air (2005): Successful low cost Leadership. Journal of the International Academy of case studies. , 13(3): pp 65-70. 4. Robert.W, (2009). Ryan Air to order 200aircraft, Air finance Journal (323): 7-7. 5. Zagelmeyer.S, (2009), Up in the Air: How Airlines can improve performance by engaging their employee.38(6):715-717. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8657998ADE2405248475899C62216650?contentType=NonArticlecontentId=1812116 6. Haberberg, Adrian Rieple, Alison (2001), The Strategic Management of Organisations. Pearson Education Ltd. 7. Peter Kangis, M. Dolores OReilly,(2003), Strategies in a dynamic marketplace: A case study in the airline industry. Journal of Business Research, 56(2):105-111. Strategies in a dynamic marketplace: A case study in the airline industry Journal of Business Research, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 2003, Pages 105-111 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL_method=list_ArticleListID=1248681592_sort=rview=c_acct=C000047642_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=9060888md5=a3f6ba19889c87ea2ae5dc4ea2047611 8. Barrett S. D. (2004), The Sustainability of the Ryanair Model. International Journal of Transport Management, 2(2), pp.89-98 9. Scheelhaase J.D., Grimme W.G. (2007), Emissions trading for international aviation-an estimation of the economic impact on selected European airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13 (5), pp.253-263. 10. Mason k.J, Morrison W.G (2009), Towards a means of consistently comparing airline business models with an application to the low cost airline sector. Researched in Transportation Economics, 24 (1), pp. 75-84. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B8JHM-4VRNNKM-2_user=899537_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2008_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1253612908_rerunOrigin=scholar.google_acct=C000047642_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=899537md5=3f2fe272f1c4fb849562e877dad82a11 11. Baker, C. (2006, May). Blurring the model. Airline Business, 22(5), 40-44. Retrieved September 17, 2008, from Business Source Complete database. 12. AOL Finance Web Site. Ryanair Holdings PLC Income Statement. Retrieved October 5,2008 from http://finance.aol.com/ryanair-holdings-plc/income-statement

Thrre Things Wrong with the World :: social issues

Thrre Things Wrong with the World The first thing I would have to say that is wrong with the world is definitely the drug problem. I mean, it seems that most of the war, famine, & disease that are running rampant through our lives are initially from drugs. For instance, you get a hit of crank from a friend who used the needle on herself & then WHAM, you've got AIDS & never even knew it could happen. Another example would be the wars. In Cuba, there are drug wars going on now that inadvertently have caused many people to die, be left homeless, or even without food or water. So, that would definitely be my first & foremost idea on what's wrong with the world today. The next thing on my list would have to be AIDS itself. Mostly, this is a big problem because there is no cure & many people get this disease every day. Granted, it isn’t always contracted by a needle, but other ways, such as intercourse without protection, are effective in contracting this disease as well. The only real way to prevent this disease would have to be never to share a needle (if you’re doing something stupid enough as doing drugs in the first place), & never have sex. That would have to be the only 100% way not to get this disease, besides knowing your partner is not HIV positive. That is why this disease is affecting so many people. It’s because they don’t realize that they can get it just by doing one of the above mentioned activities, as well as some others I can’t think of. That, & many other reasons, is why AIDS is my number two in my list of three things. My final thing I believe that is wrong with the world would have to be our government. Yes, I said it, OUR GOVERNMENT. It is not as if I am Anti-American, I love my country, but there has to be some sort of line between helping other nations & trying to control other nations. I believe we have not only crossed that line, but have gone so far as to cross several more after it. Take the war on Iraq, for example. Initially, I was all for getting rid of Saddam Hussein & helping the Iraqi people become free & independent. But, now as I think about it more & more, I wonder why we're are still over there fighting & killing those people if they say that we have ridded ourselves of that nuisance already?

Public company of electronic media

CompanyCompany may be defined as a voluntary association of individuals. It is an association of persons formed for some common intent but chiefly it is a voluntary association of individual. It has capital divisible into parts, known as portions. At the same clip it is an unreal individual created by a procedure of jurisprudence. It has a ageless sequence and a common seal. It exists merely in contemplation of jurisprudence ; i.e.it is regarded by the jurisprudence as a individual, merely as a homo. On incorporation of a company becomes a organic structure corporate or corporation with a ageless sequence and a common seal. It besides acquires a personality distinct from its members.Features Of A Company1. Separate legal entity 2. Limited liability 3. Ageless sequence 4. Common seal 5. Transferability of portions 6. Separate belongings 7. Capacity to actionElectronic MediaIt is media that uses electronics or electromechanical energy for the terminal user ( audience ) to entree the content. This is in contrast to inactive media ( chiefly print media ) , which are most frequently created electronically, but do n't necessitate electronics to be accessed by the terminal user in the printed signifier. Most new media are in the signifier of digital media. However, electronic media may be in either parallel or digital format. Although the term is normally associated with content recorded on a storage medium, recordings are non required for unrecorded broadcast medium and on-line networking. Any equipment used in the electronic communicating procedure ( e.g. telecasting, wireless, telephone, desktop computing machine, game console, hand-held device ) may besides be considered electronic media.Incorporation Of CompanyBefore a company is formed, certain preliminary determinations are necessary, for illustration, whether it should be a private company or a public company, what its capital should be, and whether it is worthwhile organizing a new company or pickings over the concern of an already established concern. All these determinations are taken by certain individuals known as â€Å"promoters† . They do the full necessary preliminary work minor expense to the formation of the company.Public Ltd CompanyA Public Limited Company is a Company limited by portions in which there is no limitation on the maximal figure of stockholders, transportation of portions and credence of public sedimentations. The liability of each stockholder is limited to the extent of the unpaid sum of the portions face value and the premium thereon in regard of the portions held by him. However, the liability of a Director / Manager of such a Company can at times be unlimited. The minimal figure of stockholders is 7. It has a minimal paid-up capital of Rs 5 hundred thousand or such higher paid up capital, as may be prescribed. Every public company, bing on the beginning of the Companies ( Amendment ) Act, 2000, with a paid-up capital of less than Rs. 5, 00,000 shall, within a period of two old ages from such beginning, heighten its paid-up capital to Rs.5,00,000.Get downing A New Public Ltd CompanyBefore stepping in the concern universe & A ; get downing up a new concern i.e. a new public Ltd company, we must believe a name of the company which co-relate the work of the company and be easy grasped in the head of the people. As we are get downing a new public Ltd Company of electronic media i.e. Television & A ; computing machine fabrication company and the name of the company to be registered will be Protechno media ltd company.Name-Approval For The Proposed CompanyThe process for obtaining the name blessing for the proposed company is that an application in Form No. 1A demands to be filed with the Registrar of Companies ( ROC ) of the province in which the Registered Office of the proposed Company is to be situated. The application is required to be signed by one of the boosters. The inside informations of the application are as follows: 1. Four alternate names for the proposed company. ( The name can be coined names from the objects of the proposed company or the names of the managers, etc. but should decidedly be declarative of the chief object of the company. Justification for the name needs to be specified along with the application ) . 2. Name callings and references of the boosters ( Minimal 7 for a public company while 2 for private company ) . 3. Authorized Capital of the proposed company. 4. Main objects of the proposed company.Documents Required To Be Executed For IncorporationFollowing are the paperss require for acquiring the certification of incorporation or registering the company with registrar†¦ †¦ †¦ .. MOA and AOA are required which is to be executed by the boosters in the presence of a informant in saying their full name, male parent ‘s name, residential reference, business, figure of portions subscribed for, etc. 1. Form No. 1 – This is to be to be executed on a non-judicial stamp paper of INR 20 by managers of the proposed company or by other individuals such as Advocates saying that all the demands of the incorporation have been complied with. 2. Form No. 18 – This signifier contains information about the registered office of the proposed company. 3. Form No. 29 – This is a consent obtained from all the proposed managers of the proposed company to move as managers of the proposed company. ( Not required in instance of private company ) . 4. Form No. 32 – This signifier shows the fact of assignment of the proposed managers as the board of managers. 5. Name blessing missive in original. 6. Power of Attorney signed by all the endorsers of MOA authorising one of the endorsers or any other individual to move on their behalf for the intent of incorporation and accepting the certification of incorporation. 7. Power of Attorney in instance of a endorser who has appointed another individual to subscribe the MOA on his behalf. Filing fees as may be applicable.This Form Is Filled For Checking The Availability Of NameFORM 1A Application signifier for handiness or alteration of name [ Pursuant to segment 20 and 21of the Companies Act, 1956 ] Note – All Fieldss marked in*are to be compulsorily filled. 1. *Application for integrating a new company altering the name of an bing company Part A: Handiness of name 2 ( a ) . *Name of applicant Prankur Rastogi ( B ) *Occupation Businessman ( degree Celsius ) . *Address Line I Phagwara, Jalandhar Line II Punjab ( vitamin D ) . *City Jalandhar ( vitamin E ) . *State Punjab ( degree Fahrenheit ) . *Country India ( g ) . *Pin codification 144402 ( H ) . *e-mail prankurrastogi @ gmail.com ( I ) . Phone 9569231524 ( J ) . Fax 09534267447782 3. Name callings of boosters * ( I ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Prankur Rastogi * ( two ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pawan Rastogi * ( three ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Rajesh Dubey 4. *Name of the province in which the proposed company is to be registered Punjab 5. *Name of the Registrar of Companies in which the proposed company is to be registered†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mr Y B Singh 6. *State whether the proposed company is public or private Public 7. * proposed name of company ( at least 6 proposed names ) a. Fanko electro ltd B. Rigs electro-media ltd c. Protechno Media Ltd Company d. Agnis electro ltd e. Jippo electro ltd f. Retro electro media After make fulling the application for handiness of name ROC will assign the name within three hebdomads of application submission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The ROC will look into for the handiness of name and inform the individual who has filled the application†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Name Protechno Media Ltd Company is available and is allotted. This is to be to be executed on a non-judicial stamp paper of INR 20 by managers of the proposed company or by other individuals such as Advocates saying that all the demands of the incorporation have been complied with. FORM NO. 1 Registration No Of Company -1090 Nominal Capital- : Rs. 2,00,00,000.00 THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Declaration of conformity with the demands of the Companies Act, 1956 on application for enrollment of a company [ Pursuant to subdivision 33 ( 2 ) ] Name of Company Protechno Media Limited/Private Limited Presented by Protechnicals group I Prankur Rastogi of Protechnicals Group do solemnly and unfeignedly declare that I am [ 1 ] Promoter who is engaged in the formation of the company, or a individual named in the articles as a director/manager/secretary of the†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Protechno Media Limited/Private Limited. And that all the demands of the Companies Act, 1956, and the regulations at that place under in regard of affairs precedent to the enrollment of the said company and incidental thereto have been complied with. And do this solemn declaration scrupulously believing the same to be true. This signifier contains information about the registered office of the proposed company. FORM NO. 18 Registration No. of the Company1090 Nominal Capital: Rs2,50,00,000 THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Notice of the situation/change of state of affairs of registered office [ Pursuant to segment 146 ] Name of the company – Protechno Media Ltd Company Notice is herewith given that — — 1. ( a ) the registered office of the company is situated in Jalandhar ( Punjab ) .with consequence from [ day of the month ] 20.11.09 ( B ) The state of affairs of the registered office of the company of was changed from to with consequence from [ day of the month ] 2. Situation of registered office falls under the legal power of Jalandhar ( name of the constabulary station ) . * Dated this thirtieth Day of Nov 2009 Signature Prankur Rastogi Name PRANKUR RASTOGI ( In Block Capitals ) Appellation Chairman *State reference of close constabulary station with territory and tehsil. This is a consent obtained from all the proposed managers of the proposed company to move as managers of the proposed company. FORM NO 29 Registration No. of Company..1090†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Nominal Capital Rs.2,50,00,000†¦ †¦ †¦ THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Consent to move as manager of a company and/or set abouting to take and pay for making portions [ Pursuant to subdivision 264 ( 2 ) /266 ( I ) ( a ) and 266 ( 1 ) ( B ) ( three ) ] Name of company Protechno Media Limited Presented by†¦ . Protechnicals Group†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . To the Registrar of Companies†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Jalandhar†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . I, the undersigned, herewith attest my consent to move as manager of the†¦ Protechno Media Limited†¦ Pursuant to subdivision 264 ( 2 ) /266 ( 1 ) ( a ) of the Companies Act, 1956 and attest that I have non been disqualified to move as a manager under subdivisions 267 and/or 274 of the Companies Act, 1956. I, the undersigned holding consented to move as manager of the.Protechno Media Limited, besides herewith undertake to take from the said company and wage for..5000†¦ .. portions of Rs.20†¦ †¦ Each, being the number/value of the portions prescribed as the making portions for the office of manager of the said company. Name and family name in full and male parent ‘s names Address Occupation Date of birth Nationality Signature 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prankur Rastogi s/o Pawan Rastogi businessman 04-04-88 Indian Prankur Rastogi Signature Dated the†¦ †¦ †¦ .20th of†¦ .Nov†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2009†¦ Prankur Rastogi†¦ Designation Chairman This signifier shows the fact of assignment of the proposed managers as the board of managers FORM NO. 32 Registration No. of Company.1090†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Nominal Capital Rs.25000000†¦ †¦ †¦ .. THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Particulars of assignment of managers and director and alterations among them [ Pursuant to subdivision 303 ( 2 ) ] Name of Company†¦ †¦ . Protechno Media Ltd Company Presented by†¦ †¦ . Prankur Rastogi Note: — – If a company has no specifics to be included in one or two of the headers ‘A ‘ ‘B ‘ and ‘C ‘ the parts incorporating those headers ( in regard of which the company has no specifics to be included ) need non be filed. A. Appointment of and alterations among managers. Name or names and family name in full Father's/ hubby ‘s name Usual residential reference Nationality Date of appointme National Trust or alteration Brief specifics of alterations 1 2 3 4 5 6 Notes: ( 1 ) A note of alterations should be made in column 6 e.g. by infixing against the name of new manager, etc. the words â€Å"in topographic point of†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ and by bespeaking against the name of the former manager, the cause for the alteration, e.g. by decease, surrender, retirement by rotary motion, disqualification etc. ( 2 ) In instance of pull offing manager, his appellation should be stated with his name in columan1. B. [ *** ] C. Appointment of and alterations in director ship and secretary ship. Name or names and family name in full Father's/ hubby ‘s name Usual residential reference Nationality Date of appointme National Trust or alteration Brief specifics of alterations 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dated the†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ twenty-four hours of†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..19 Signature†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Appellation†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Notes: ( 1 ) For the intents of this signifier, specifics of a individual appointed as director within the significance of subdivision 2 ( 24 ) of the Companies Act, 1956 demand be given. ( 2 ) A note of alteration as besides the cause of alteration e.g. , by decease, surrender, remotion, disqualification, etc. should be stated in column 6. Memorandum of Association ( MOA ) and the Articles ofAssociation ( AOA ) Of A CompanyNow on reception of the name blessing missive from the ROC the MOA and the AOA are required to be drafted. The MOA states the chief, accessory / subordinate and other objects of the proposed company. The AOA contains the regulations and processs for the everyday behavior of the proposed company. It besides provinces the authorised portion capital of the proposed company and the names of its first / lasting managers. After that the MOA and AOA are required to be stamped and a cast responsibility based on the authorized portion capital is to be paid.Contentss Of MemorandumThe name of the company. The province in which the registered office of the company is to be situated. Limited liability. Share capital. Object of the company A public company has the option of ask foring the populace for subscription to its portion capital. Consequently, the company has to publish a prospectus, which provides information about the company to possible investors. The Companies Act specifies the information to be contained in the prospectus. Articles of association- The articles of association or merely articles are the regulations, ordinances for the internal direction of the personal businesss of the company. They are framed with the object of transporting out the purposes and object as out in the memoranda of association. The articles are following in importance to the memoranda of association which contains the cardinal conditions upon which entirely a company is allowed to be incorporated. They are as such subsidiary to, and controlled by the memoranda. Contentss of articles- It contains commissariats associating to the undermentioned affairs. Share capital. Lien on portions. Calls on portions. Transportations of portions. Transmissions of portions. Conversions of portions in to stock. Shares warrants. Change of capital. General meetings. Directors and secretary. Dividends and militias. Capitalization of net incomes. The Articles of Association contain the regulations and ordinances of the company for the direction of its internal personal businesss. While the Memorandum specifies the aims and intents for which the Company has been formed, the Articles lay down the regulations and ordinances for accomplishing those aims and intents.The Certificate Of IncorporationAfter the paperss in FAQ 5 are filed, the ROC calls the lawyer on a specific day of the month for examination and doing the corrections in the MOA and AOA filed. On following with the same, the certification of incorporation is granted to the lawyer. When the requite papers are filed with the registrar, the registrar satisfy himself that the statutory demands sing enrollment have been punctually complied. After this a certification of incorporation given by the registrar in regard of a company is conclusive grounds that all the demands of the companies act have been compiled with in regard of enrollment. After the duly stamped Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, paperss and signifiers are filed and the filing fees are paid, the ROC scrutinizes the paperss and, if necessary, instructs the authorised individual to do necessary corrections. Thereafter, a Certificate of Incorporation is issued by the ROC, from which day of the month the company comes in to existence. It takes one to two hebdomads from the day of the month of registering Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association to have a Certificate of Incorporation. Although a private company can get down concern instantly after having the certification of incorporation, a public company can non make so until it obtains a Certificate of Commencement of Business from the ROC.Document To Be Filled With The Registrar:The documents/forms stated below are filed along with Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association on payment of filing fees ( depending on the authorised capital of the company ) : Declaration of conformity, punctually stamped Notice of the state of affairs of the registered office of the company Particulars of Directors, Manager or Secretary Authority executed on a non-judicial cast paper, in favor of one of the endorsers to the Memorandum of Association or any other individual authorising him to register the paperss and documents for enrollment and to do necessary corrections, if any The ROC ‘s missive ( in master ) bespeaking the handiness of the name. Before the advertisement company is registered, it is indispensable to determine from the registrar of companies and if the proposed name of the company is approved so the undermentioned paperss punctually stamped together with the necessary fees are to be filed with the registrar. The memoranda of association. The article of association. The understanding. Declaration. When a company is registered and a certification of incorporation is issued by the registrar the company becomes a distinguishable legal entity, its life commences from the day of the month mentioned in the certification of incorporation. And the company requires a ageless sequence. The member may come and travel, but it goes on forever, unless it is wound up. A public limited electronic media company has to be obtained certification to commence concern before it can get down concern.Tax Registration-Businesss apt for income revenue enhancement must obtain a revenue enhancement designation card and figure [ known as Permanent Account Number ( PAN ) ] from the Revenue Department. In add-on to this, concerns apt to keep back revenue enhancement must needfully obtain a Tax Deduction Account Number ( TAN ) . Both the PAN and the TAN must be indicated on all the returns, paperss and correspondence filed with the Revenue Department. The PAN is besides required to be stated in assorted other paperss such as the paperss refering to sale or purchase of any immoveable belongings ( transcending Rs. five hundred thousand ) , sale or purchase of a motor vehicle, clip sedimentation ( transcending Rs. 5 hundred thousand ) , contract for sale or purchase of securities ( transcending Rs. 10 hundred thousand ) , to call a few Filing Registering/Approving Authority One transcript has to be submitted along with a forwarding missive addressed to the concerned Registrar of Companies.Enclosures-The declaration must be submitted with the undermentioned annexure. Document attesting payment of fee. Memorandum and Articles of Association. Transcript of understanding if any, which the proposed company wishes to come in into with any person for assignment as its managing or whole-time manager or director Power of Attorney from endorsers. Letter from Registrar of Companies doing names available. No expostulation letters from directors/promoters. Needed fees must be either in hard currency or demandCompany Get downing Business OperationssAfter having the certification of incorporation, the public company has to finish certain other legal formalities such as a statutory meeting ( within 6 months ) , statutory study, etc. On completion of the said formalities and on filing of the statutory study with the ROC the ROC issues the enfranchisement of beginning of concern to the company. Thereafter, the Public Company can get down the concern operations. The Private Company can get down its concern instantly on incorporation. Certificate of incorporation Form 1 No 55-009877 of 2009-10 I hear by certify that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Protechno Media Limited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is this twenty-four hours incorporated under The companies act 1956 ( NO 1 of 1956 ) and that the company is limited Given under my manus at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Jalandhar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦this twenty-four hours †¦ †¦ †¦ .day of 20†¦ . 09 SD/- Mr.Y.B.Singh Registrar of Companies Jalandhar, Punjab This was the certification issued by the registrar of companies for the incorporation of company Certificate of beginning of concern [ Pursuant to subdivision 149 ( 3 ) of companies act 1956 ] I hear by certify that the †¦ †¦ . Protechno Media ltd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . which was incorporated under The companies act of 1956†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.on the thirtieth twenty-four hours of November 2009 And which has punctually verified declaration in the prescribed signifier that the conditions have been compiled with is compiled to get down the concern Given under my manus at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Jalandhar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7th†¦ .day of November 2009. SD/- Mr Sohan Singh Asst Registrar of Companies Jalandhar, PunjabContractsMy company i.e. Protechno media ltd, a fabrication company has contracted with two companies in which 1 is an advertisement company for the advertizement of the merchandises and secondly with a computing machine fabrication limited company. The first contract is with High Ad ltd Company owned by Sarpreet Kaur as one of the Board of Member. We have contracted for Rs 5, 00,000 for the advertizement of our company and our merchandises like TVs, LCDs and Computer french friess etc. The other contract is with Infojets ltd of Heramb Agrawal for Rs 10, 00, 000 as their company needs LCDs for their company from our company. All the indispensable elements for a contract and the footings & A ; conditions are fulfilled and are lawfully enforced by jurisprudence.Weaving Up Of The CompanyIf the members of the company are reduced below the minimal no. of members in the company, it is traveling to be wound up by the tribunal. It is a compulsory weaving up of a company. For this the Registrar presents a request for weaving up of the company. Now after that the tribunal will take any action against the company on hearing request as it canDismiss it, with or without cost.Adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionallyMake an interim order that it thinks tantrumMake an order for weaving up the companyConsequences of weaving up by the tribunalO Intimation to official Liquidator and RegistrarO Copy of weaving up order to be filed with the registrarO Suits stayedO Court addition legal power to entertain1. Any suit against the company 2. Any claim made by or against the company 3. Any application made under sec.391 for via media with creditors and/or members 4. Any inquiry of precedences which may originate in class of the weaving up of the companyMentionsMercantile Law -by N D Kapoor hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sethassociates.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesbase.com/patents-articles/company-incorporation-the- procedure-for-incorporating-a-company-in-india-1390673.html